Electroless nickel-plating on AZ91D magnesium alloy: effect of substrate microstructure and plating parameters

Ambat, Rajan; Zhou, Wei

doi:10.1016/s0257-8972(03)00866-1

Cited by 239 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…6a. [26][27] However, this flat and leveled off surface resulting from the protection of the insouble film (MgF 2 ) at high concentrations of F − generates a decrease in mechanical interlocking action between the coating and the substrate, resulting in poor adhesion as listed in column MIIA and MIIB in Table II. 48 The adhesions of the Ni-P coatings obtained at low concentrations of F − are slightly better because of the interlocking action.…”

Section: Journal Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 However, acid pickling in a chromiumcontaining (VI) solution, followed by activation in a hydrofluoric acid solution is usually employed in the conventional pretreatment processes of direct ENP. [25][26][27][28][29][30] Several modified pretreatments have been devised to avoid the use of such process, which contains some species detrimental to the environment and harmful to human health. 11,[31][32][33] A method of avoiding the use of toxicant was carried out by employing a pre-plating step with an alkaline ENP bath prior to subsequent common ENP in an acidic bath.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies of Several Pickling and Activation Processes for Electroless Ni-P Plating on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

Xie

Chen

Xiang

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Several chromium-free pickling and activation processes were investigated in order to develop an eco-friendly pretreatment for electroless Ni-P plating on magnesium alloy. The coatings obtained from etching only in H 3 PO 4 solution exhibit poor adhesion due to the existance of an interlayer. Meanwhile, a corrosion model of Mg alloy in H 3 PO 4 solution was proposed. When fluoride was added into the pickling solution, the adhesion of the coatings was also unsatisfied because of the bad mechanical interlocking action. By comparison, the coatings obtained from pickling in H 3 PO 4 solution followed by NH 4 Magnesium (Mg) alloy is one of the lightest structural metals and a potential candidate to replace the heavier aluminum or steel in manufacturing of mechanic components due to its low density, excellent physical and mechanical properties. [1][2][3][4][5][6] However, the use of Mg alloy for structural applications has been limited owing to their poor corrosion resistance and high chemical reactivity. 7-12Electroless Ni-P plating (ENP) is one of the most effective surface treatment techniques to overcome the defect of Mg alloy, because ENP can provide excellent properties of hardness, good wear resistance and great corrosion resistance by forming a uniform deposit on the Mg alloy substrate surface. [13][14][15][16] However, ENP on Mg alloy presents many problems still because of the rapid formation of oxide film upon Mg alloy exposed to air/water, and forming loose immersion layers on the substrate surface by replacement reactions at the initial deposition stage. The loose oxide film and immersion layers hinder successful ENP and are detrimental to the adhesion and uniformity of subsequent coatings.17-20 Therefore, appropriate pretreatment steps must be taken before ENP to remove the natural oxide tarnish, embedded sand, heavy metal impurities and burned-in lubricants on the surface of the Mg alloy, and to activate the deposition of nickel on the matrix. [21][22][23] There are mainly two types of preferred pretreatments for Mg alloy, including zinc immersion and direct ENP.18,24 The direct ENP is simpler and more convenient.11 However, acid pickling in a chromiumcontaining (VI) solution, followed by activation in a hydrofluoric acid solution is usually employed in the conventional pretreatment processes of direct ENP. [25][26][27][28][29][30] Several modified pretreatments have been devised to avoid the use of such process, which contains some species detrimental to the environment and harmful to human health. 11,[31][32][33] A method of avoiding the use of toxicant was carried out by employing a pre-plating step with an alkaline ENP bath prior to subsequent common ENP in an acidic bath.31 Molybdate (MoO 4 2− ) chemical conversion coating was also attempted for replacing the chromium acid pickling. [32][33] In the work of Ref. 32, strong volatile hydrogen fluoride acid was applied in the activation process and the molybdate conversion bath contained carcinogenic NaNO 2 . 32 The adhesion, which is a very important...

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Section: Journal Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of Several Pickling and Activation Processes for Electroless Ni-P Plating on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

Xie

Chen

Xiang

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Efforts are being made to produce cost-effective and environment friendly electrolyte solutions. [10][11][12][13] Typical plating defects, such as porosity, tend to accelerate the pitting corrosion of Mg. Electroplating also limits the recycling of Mg because of the presence of heavy metals. Most of the developed conversion coatings cannot be used at elevated temperatures (above 65°C).…”

Section: Surface Modification Of Mg and Its Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Surface Engineering of Magnesium Alloys: A Review

Singh

Harimkar

2012

JOM

125

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Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys are well known for their high specific strength and low density. However, widespread applications of Mg alloys in structural components are impeded by their insufficient wear and corrosion resistance. Various surface engineering approaches, including electrochemical processes (plating, conversion coatings, hydriding, and anodizing), gas-phase deposition (thermal spray, chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, diamond-like coatings, diffusion coatings, and ion implantation), and organic polymer coatings (painting and powder coating), have been used to improve the surface properties of Mg and its alloys. Recently, laser surface engineering approaches are attracting significant attention because of the wide range of possibilities in achieving the desired microstructural and compositional modifications through a range of laser-material interactions (surface melting, shock peening, and ablation). This article presents a review of various laser surface engineering approaches such as laser surface melting, laser surface alloying, laser surface cladding, laser composite surfacing, and laser shock peening used for surface modification of Mg alloys. The laser-material interactions, microstructural/compositional changes, and properties development (mostly corrosion and wear resistance) accompanied with each of these approaches are reviewed.

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“…In general, compressive residual stresses are introduced to the specimen surface by electroless Ni plating or blasting treatment [11][12][13] Roughening of the specimen surface is also induced by the blasting treatment. Compressive residual stresses are known to improve the fatigue strength.…”

Section: Corrosion Fatigue Lives Of the Electroless Ni Plated Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement in Corrosion Fatigue Resistance of Mg Alloy Due to Plating

Notoya¹,

Namito²,

Ishihara³

2011

Magnesium Alloys - Corrosion and Surface Treatments

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Electroless nickel-plating on AZ91D magnesium alloy: effect of substrate microstructure and plating parameters

Cited by 239 publications

References 21 publications

Studies of Several Pickling and Activation Processes for Electroless Ni-P Plating on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

Studies of Several Pickling and Activation Processes for Electroless Ni-P Plating on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

Laser Surface Engineering of Magnesium Alloys: A Review

Improvement in Corrosion Fatigue Resistance of Mg Alloy Due to Plating

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