Electroless plating of nickel–phosphorous on surface-modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) films

Domenech, Susana Cristina; Lima, Enio; Drago, Valderes; Lima, J.C. de; Borges, Noé Gomes; Ávila, Aluísio Otávio Vargas; Soldi, Valdir

doi:10.1016/s0169-4332(03)00815-8

Cited by 93 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…9 In particular it can be convenient to use electroless plating, 10 a method able to provide thick and uniform metal layers on non-conductive substrates, such as the resins used in the printing step. By examining the existing scientific literature, it is evident that typical polymers used in FDM printing, such as PET, 11 ABS, 12 PLA and PETG 13 can be easily metallized. A limited amount of information is available in the case of SLA metallization.…”

Section: D Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroless Metallization of Stereolithographic Photocurable Resins for 3D Printing of Functional Microdevices

Bernasconi

Credi

Tironi

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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In the present paper the electroless metallization of 3D printed devices using stereolithography is investigated. Two different photocurable resins from a commercial supplier and a self-formulated one are used as starting materials for printing. A first metal layer of NiP or Cu, obtained by an optimized pretreatment and plating process, is subsequently applied on the parts. The possibility of obtaining multilayers through the successive electrodeposition of different metals on the electroless treated parts is demonstrated as well. From the applicative point of view, the use of 3D printing, coupled with electroless deposition of mono or multilayers, can be employed to manufacture functional microstructures for use in the fields of microrobotics, MEMS, metamaterials and others. For this reason, the realization of a prototypical magnetic actuator is presented as an example of possible application. 3D printing1 has recently acquired great relevance for research and industrial applications due to its advantages with respect to traditional manufacturing techniques: the opportunity to create geometries impossible to obtain with other techniques, low cost and great scalability. This technique has been applied in the past for both rapid prototyping and production of custom-made parts.2,3 In recent years, thanks to the introduction of techniques able to operate at the microscale, new possibilities have been individuated in fields like microrobotics, MEMS or metamaterials fabrication. Many 3D printing techniques are available, such as stereolithography (SLA), 4 Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), 5 Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 6 or Two Photon Lithography (2PL). 7 Techniques like SLA or 2PL present however significant advantages compared to FDM or SLS when the production of micrometric parts is required. In particular, the products are characterized by an improved surface finish and by the possibility to achieve great resolution; 8 dimensional tolerances are better than FDM or SLS printing. These important properties allow thinking to applications like the direct printing of microstructures that typically present characteristic dimensions in the order of μm, like MEMS or others.All 3D printing techniques able to operate at the microscale are however characterized by the same problem: metal parts are considerably hard to obtain. The materials used in 3D printing are mainly polymers and only some techniques are suitable for direct metal forming, like SLS.5 A possible solution to obtain a metallic finish on a printed object is to metallize only the surface of the resin. This makes possible to obtain some properties of metals without having a bulk metallic object. 9 In particular it can be convenient to use electroless plating, 10 a method able to provide thick and uniform metal layers on non-conductive substrates, such as the resins used in the printing step. By examining the existing scientific literature, it is evident that typical polymers used in FDM printing, such as PET, 11 ABS, 12 PLA and PETG 13 can be easily metalli...

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Section: D Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroless Metallization of Stereolithographic Photocurable Resins for 3D Printing of Functional Microdevices

Bernasconi

Credi

Tironi

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Through altering the bath conditions the deposition rate can vary between a few nanometres to a few hundred microns an hour. The versatility of electro-less deposition has allowed a number of porous substrates to be efficiently plated including polymer surfaces [90][91][92][93] , carbon fibres 94 , metal surfaces and particles 34,95 , carbon nanotube surfaces 96 , glass 97,98 or porous ceramics (silica, alumina, titania) 35,[99][100][101][102] . Gold and metal nanotube membranes have been fabricated through this approach and used for electrode fabrication 103 , molecular separation 100,104 , lithography, 105 and sensing 13,106 .…”

Section: Electroless Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fabrication and surface functionalization of porous metal frameworks – a review

Dumée

Bao

et al. 2013

J. Mater. Chem. A

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Porous metal frameworks offer potentially useful applications for the aerospace, automotive and bio-medical industries. They can be used as electrodes, actuators, or as selective membrane films. The versatility of the physical features (pore size, pore depth, overall porosity and pore surface coverage) as well as the large range of surface chemistries for both metal oxides and pure noble metals offers scope to functionalise metal nano-particles and networks of nano-porous metal structures. As well as traditional routes to producing metal structures, such as metal sintering or foaming, novel high-throughput techniques have recently been investigated. Nanoparticle self-assembly, metal ion reduction and deposition as well as metal alloy de-alloying were identified as sustainable routes to produce large surface areas of such nano-porous metal frameworks. The main limitations of the current fabrication techniques include the difficulty to process stable and homogeneous arrays of nano-scale pores and the control of their morphology due to the high reactivity of nano-structured metal structures. This paper aims at critically reviewing the various fabrication techniques and surface functionalization routes used to produce advanced functional porous metal frameworks. The limitations and advantages of the different fabrication techniques will be discussed in light of the final material properties and targeted applications. Keywordsporous metal frameworks; porous metal fabrication routes; metal surface chemistry; application of metal frameworks; 3

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“…(1) 기계 부품의 상온과 고온에서 뛰어난 내부식성을 부여하기 위한 표면 개질용 도금에서부터, (2) 최근 에는 컴퓨터 및 정보통신 산업의 발달과 더불어 반도체 외부의 lead frame 등의 부품 관련 도금 …”

Section: 서 론unclassified

The Surface Improvement by Supercritical Nano Plating

Kim¹,

Bae

Kim³

et al. 2009

Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A

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In this study, supercritical nano plating was performed to observe its effect on materials. Using supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent, we observed how different pressures and temperatures of the supercritical fluid affected the process and its outcome. The plating current increases as pressure increases from 8 MPa to 16 MPa, but it decreases after that. Similarly, the plating current increases as temperature is increased from 35 ℃ to 45 ℃, but the current decreases after that. Also, the thickness of the wet electrolyte plating is about 35~50 ㎛, while the thickness of the plating done using supercritical fluid is about 20~25 ㎛. At the results, It to it is considered that supercritical nano plating enable to form more thin and stable plating than wet electroplating methods. Also both of the electroplating methods could be affected plating quality by surface condition, and the supercritical nano plating has been confirmed to product more uniform plating surface than wet electroplating.

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Electroless plating of nickel–phosphorous on surface-modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) films

Cited by 93 publications

References 18 publications

Electroless Metallization of Stereolithographic Photocurable Resins for 3D Printing of Functional Microdevices

Electroless Metallization of Stereolithographic Photocurable Resins for 3D Printing of Functional Microdevices

The fabrication and surface functionalization of porous metal frameworks – a review

The Surface Improvement by Supercritical Nano Plating

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