Electroluminescence in Zinc Sulfide

Gillson, J.L.; Darnell, F. J.

doi:10.1103/physrev.125.149

Cited by 67 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Also lines (or streaks) of emitted light in our case parallel to the fault planes are observed in some crystals in Figures 4, 5 and 6 (particularly the latter which shows two crystals under higher magnification), possibly explaining the "streaks" of light observed by others in previous studies. [12][13][14][15][16]24,27 A FESEM micrograph is presented in Figure 4d of the phosphor particles shown in the previous optical images in Figure 4a to 4c, the exact orientation of all particles is now clearly revealed. The brightest ACEL emitting particles (see Figure 4c) are shown to be oriented with cubic [111] axis at various angles, generally in a perpendicular direction to the applied alternating electric field that radiates across the gap between conducting tracks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The optical images show that the prominent linear streaks of light are formed of individual points of light, of which one point appears to be the brightest with a successive tailing off of light intensity along the streak, this detail probably appeared as the comets described in other studies. [12][13][14][15][16]24,27 The linear streaks of light are shown against a background of dimmer light that is composed of numerous points of light forming small groups with varying intensities. When comparing the FESEM images it is clear that these linear streaks of light appear to originate from elongated etched incisions along the planar stacking faults.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This model found acceptance due to the observation by Fischer 12,13 of localized double comets of light that were emitted alternately on field reversal along the direction of the stacking faults and subsequently reported by other workers. 14,15 In addition to localized comets of light, spots and patches have also been observed indicating that the light emission is inhomogeneous in this material. [14][15][16] …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,15 In addition to localized comets of light, spots and patches have also been observed indicating that the light emission is inhomogeneous in this material. [14][15][16] …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 This view that the orientation of ZnS:Cu particles relative to the applied field direction is of significance with regards to ACEL emission has also been supported by other workers. 8,[13][14][15][16][17] Low magnification optical microscope studies reveal that commercial ACEL panels when excited with an electric field have a speckled appearance, the particles have a diameter between 10 to 50 micrometers are observed to emit with different intensities independent of particle size. 24 A number of particles in all ACEL panels do not display electroluminescence.…”

Section: Ecs Journal Of Solid State Science and Technology 3 (3) R25mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on the Orientation of ACEL ZnS:Cu Particles in Applied AC Fields

Ireland

Silver

2013

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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In the last sixty years the understanding of the mechanisms of alternating current electroluminescence (ACEL) in transition metal-doped zinc sulfides, in particular ZnS:Cu particles has been the goal of all workers in the field. An in depth understanding of the crystallography and uncommon hemimorphic nature of these particles has lead to some understanding as to mechanism of light emission under an alternating current field. Hydrochloric acid etching of ZnS:Cu particles has allowed an intimate study of the hemimorphic nature and high density of planar stacking faults present in the particles that are critical for ACEL to occur. This work using complimentary field emission scanning electron microscopy and digital optical microscopy shows that the alignment of the planar stacking faults of these particles relative to the applied electric field is critical for light emission. Perpendicular alignment of the stacking faults results in no emission of light; as the alignment gradually approaches parallel emission increases and at parallel reaches a maximum. Thus, for devices using these materials alignment of the particles with the electric field is most important to maximize light output.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,15 In addition to localized comets of light, spots and patches have also been observed indicating that the light emission is inhomogeneous in this material. [14][15][16] …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ecs Journal Of Solid State Science and Technology 3 (3) R25mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on the Orientation of ACEL ZnS:Cu Particles in Applied AC Fields

Ireland

Silver

2013

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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Nature‐Inspired Pressure Interactive Alternating Current Electroluminescent for Orientation Indication, Visual Sensing, and Remote Monitoring

Liu,

Wang,

Sun

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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Most current visual pressure sensing devices are greatly limited by less integrated functions. To address this issue, a multi‐dimensional pressure interactive visual monitoring device is proposed based on the temperature and humidity adaptive hydrogel. Specifically, this device is composed of a buffer grid layer that divides it into pressure sensing and luminous display areas. With a double network structure incorporated with a LiBr liquid, the pressure sensing area demonstrates great deformability, resilience, and self‐absorption. In a dynamic mode, the best pressure can be detected at high humidity and low temperature, displaying a range of up to 45 N and offering feedback at a minimum load of 0.25 N. Importantly, the device remaines excellent performance after the dynamic compression repeating over 1300 cycles. In static mode, MPI‐ACEL achieves a delay time of up to 390 min. Finally, it is anticipated that this multifunctional device will provide a new, flexible, and effective scheme for visual pressure sensing, environmental adaptive directional indication, and multi‐dimensional remote monitoring.

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Direct evidence for the presence of delayed recombination in the electroluminescence of ZnS

Kubátová

Pátek

1962

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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Most theories of a.c. electroluminescence are based on a two-stage mechanism: they assume that electrons are released from activators during one half-period and recombine at a rectifying barrier during the following half-period, the recombination being accompanied by the emission of light. The inhomogeneous distribution of emission (bright spots or stripes) has been ascribed to locally high field strengths (barriers). In particular, it is indicated by the presence of unipolar emission (i.e. emission appearing only at one voltage polarity) that light emission occurs at barriers (1, 2, 3 ) . 'Yhe existence of unipolar emission was found by stroboscopic observations of ZnS crystals in an a.c. sinusoidal electric field. However, either Its time dependence has not been recorded or ( 3 ) an excitation has been used which does not permit primary and secondary peaks to be resolved. A study of the primary and ser condary peaks of an EL light wave in different parts of a crystal could provide data for an explanation of the mechanism of, the processes in one barrier.The electroluminescence was excited by square-wave voltage pulses of alternating polarity as described in (4). The ZnS single crystals activated during and after growth were supplied with electrodes made from silver paste and placed in the field of vision of a special microscope which permitted an arbitrary region of the crystal to be singled out. The light intensity was measured by means of a photomultiplier. The investigations were made at room temperature.Results of the.Measurements 'The oscillogram in Yig. la shows the shape of the voltage applied to the crystal and the EL emission curve of the crystal as a whole with the characteristic two primary and two

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Electroluminescence in Zinc Sulfide

Cited by 67 publications

References 24 publications

Studies on the Orientation of ACEL ZnS:Cu Particles in Applied AC Fields

Studies on the Orientation of ACEL ZnS:Cu Particles in Applied AC Fields

Nature‐Inspired Pressure Interactive Alternating Current Electroluminescent for Orientation Indication, Visual Sensing, and Remote Monitoring

Direct evidence for the presence of delayed recombination in the electroluminescence of ZnS

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