Electroluminescence of single-dot nano-LEDs—optical spectroscopy of an electrically tunable few-electron/hole system

Schmidt, Ralf; Vitzethum, M.; Fix, R.; Scholz, Uwe; Malzer, S.; Metzner, Claus; Kailuweit, P.; Reuter, D.; Wieck, A. D.; Hübner, Matthias; Stufler, S.; Zrenner, A.; Döhler, G. H.

doi:10.1016/j.physe.2004.08.034

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The shells are equally-spaced with a spacing of approx. 60 meV [9]. The p-shell saturates at twice the saturation intensity of the s-shell, as expected from the grade of degeneration.…”

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confidence: 53%

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Single quantum dot nano‐LEDs – spectroscopy of an electrically controlled few‐particle system

Schmidt

Scholz

Vitzethum

et al. 2005

phys. stat. sol. (c)

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We present a new device concept for nano-structured LEDs with active areas smaller than 1µm 2 , which are fabricated by focused ion beam (FIB) implantation and successive MBE overgrowth. These LEDs contain a layer of InAs self-assembled quantum dots embedded in the intrinsic layer and are therefore an ideal tool for both electrical and optical investigations on single quantum dots. We report results from electroluminescence (EL) measurements which prove the single-dot character of our devices. The EL spectra consist of sharp emission lines, which can be assigned to charged (multi-) exciton recombination and their dependence on the injection current shows linear behaviour for exciton and quadratic behaviour for biexciton recombination. Highly resolved current vs. voltage spectroscopy provides additional information on the population of electron and hole levels of the quantum dot. 1 Introduction During the last years the numerous investigations of self-assembled quantum dots focused on experiments with a single dot, mainly to avoid the disturbing effect of inhomogeneous broadening caused by the size fluctuations within an ensemble of dots. Photoluminescence (PL) experiments provided insight into the excitonic structure and led to a deeper understanding of many-particle effects in quantum dots [1,2]. Nevertheless, more difficult to realize are electrical measurements on single quantum dots. An electrically contacted dot is not only of interest with regard to controlled single photon emission (e.g. turnstile devices), but also for a deeper understanding of electron and hole kinetics in quantum dots. This is particularly true, if the distances between the quantum dot and the carrier injecting layers are short enough to allow for efficient and controlled tunnelling directly into the dot. Under these conditions the number of electrons and holes in the quantum dot only depends on the applied voltage and the ratio of these distances. In this way the formation of neutral, positively or negatively charged single, bi-and multiple-excitons can be controlled. So far, only a few groups have reported on electroluminescence (EL) from a single self-assembled quantum dot. This is mainly due to the challenge of placing a single dot within the active region of a diode, as common dot densities are in the range of 10 9 cm -2 to 10 11 cm -2 . Several approaches to single-dot EL are published. Itskevich et al. fabricated small diodes by using a sophisticated underetching technique [3], whereas Fiore and coworkers built diodes with a submicron oxidized current aperture [4,5]. Recently

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“…The shells are equally-spaced with a spacing of approx. 60 meV [9]. The p-shell saturates at twice the saturation intensity of the s-shell, as expected from the grade of degeneration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 53%

“…1.28 V, whereas the observed photon energy is only about 1.05 eV. This can be either explained by extremely asymmetric carrier injection into the dot [9] or by symmetric carrier injection while one type of carriers is injected at much lower rate than the other. To clarify this we took high resolution IV-curves on our nano-LED.…”

Section: Electrical Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Single quantum dot nano‐LEDs – spectroscopy of an electrically controlled few‐particle system

Schmidt

Scholz

Vitzethum

et al. 2005

phys. stat. sol. (c)

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“…Whilst this was not a problem in terms of performing auto-correlation measurements we can envisage several interesting experiments where only a single dot is excited. A few publications have now appeared towards this goal [5,12,13].…”

Section: An Oxide-aperture Spedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single‐photon‐emitting diodes: a review

Bennett

Atkinson

See

et al. 2006

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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Compact and reliable sources of non-classical light could find many applications in emerging technologies such as quantum cryptography, quantum imaging and also in fundamental tests of quantum physics. Single self-assembled quantum dots have been widely studied for this reason, but the vast majority of reported work has been limited to optically excited sources. Here we discuss the progress made so far, and prospects for, electrically driven single-photon-emitting diodes (SPEDs).Comment: 13 pages, 10 figure

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Cutting-edge nano-LED technology

Mikulics

Hardtdegen

2022

Journal of Applied Physics

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In this Perspective, we will introduce possible future developments on group III-nitride nano-LEDs, which are based on current achievements in this rapidly arising research-technological field. First, the challenges facing their fabrication and their characteristics will be reported. These developments will be set in a broader context with primary applications in lighting, display technology, biology, and sensing. In the following, we will center on advanced applications in microscopy, lithography, communication, and optical computing. We will discuss unconventional device applications and prospects for emerging photon source-based technologies. Beyond conventional and current achievements in optoelectronics, we will present hybrid nano-LED architectures. Novel device concepts potentially could play an essential role in future photon source developments and serve as a key component for optical computing. Therefore, forefront fully photon operated logic circuits, photon-based computational processors, and photon driving memories will be discussed. All these developments will play a significant role in a future highly secure, low energy consuming green IT. Besides today's environmentally friendly terrestrial industrial and information technologies, an enormous potential of nano-LED technology for a large range of applications especially in the next stage of space research is envisaged.

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Electroluminescence of single-dot nano-LEDs—optical spectroscopy of an electrically tunable few-electron/hole system

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Single quantum dot nano‐LEDs – spectroscopy of an electrically controlled few‐particle system

Single quantum dot nano‐LEDs – spectroscopy of an electrically controlled few‐particle system

Single‐photon‐emitting diodes: a review

Cutting-edge nano-LED technology

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