Electrolyses model development for metal/electrolyte interface: Testing with microrespiration sensors

Vanags, Mārtiņš; Kleperis, Jānis; Bajārs, Gunārs

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.07.100

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Thus the falling edge of the pulse is faster (~5ns) than planar electrode experiments as used by Shimizu et al (2006) and Vanags et al (2011). During the falling edge, a not wholly understood ionisation wave is observed, with propagation speeds approaching 5000 km/s.…”

Section: Plasma Electrolysis Literaturementioning

confidence: 86%

“…It is worth noting that in this research, duty cycle is as low as 0.5%, suggesting that to achieve a greater time-averaged current density compared to an equivalent steady state process, the peak applied current must be at least 200x the average value. (2006) and Vanags et al (2011), showing pulsed voltage and current followed by persisting current after pulse completion, causing ongoing electrolysis. Vanags et al (2011) extend similar research to pulses as short as 500ns and up to 600V.…”

Section: Pulsed Electrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2006) and Vanags et al (2011), showing pulsed voltage and current followed by persisting current after pulse completion, causing ongoing electrolysis. Vanags et al (2011) extend similar research to pulses as short as 500ns and up to 600V. Originally, the research demonstrated that sub-1 V pulses could cause electrolysis via an inductive driver which, on interruption, delivered up to 5 V. Their later pulse generator also incorporates an inductive driver and it is clear from their oscillograms that the pulses are reflecting between this and the electrolyser capacitance, damped by the electrolyte resistance to a varying extent governed by the electrolyte molarity (and hence resistivity).…”

Section: Pulsed Electrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of pulsed power for efficient hydrogen production

Monk

Watson

2016

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Pulsed power applied to electrolysis offers a potential method for efficient hydrogen production which has not been comprehensively studied to date. Pulsed and plasma electrolysis are introduced and previous research assessed. Electrolysis use in potential space or aerospace applications is substantially weight and volume sensitive. Pulsed plasma electrolysis is able to far exceed the Faradaic limit on electrolysis at very high surface current densities presenting the opportunity to reduce electrode mass and volume. Pulse generation technology is introduced and challenges inherent in application to electrolysis outlined.

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Section: Plasma Electrolysis Literaturementioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Pulsed Electrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pulsed Electrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of pulsed power for efficient hydrogen production

Monk

Watson

2016

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…We studied inductive voltage electrolysis and promoted the hypothesis that pulse process separates the cell geometric capacitance and double layer charging current from the electrochemical reaction current with charge transfer ), Vanags (2011a, 2011b.…”

Section: Water Splitting With the Pulse Electrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Electrolysis with Inductive Voltage Pulses

Vanags¹,

Kleperis²,

Bajārs³

2012

Electrolysis

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“…Although pulsed electrolysis is widely used to obtain different coatings, there are not found many research works directed to pulse power applying to water electrolysis. We have considered the inductive voltage electrolysis process [7,8], and raised the hypothesis that such a process is separating the charging current of cell geometric capacitance and double layer from the current f electrochemical reactions, and found that this type of pulse is limited by the energy before it is supplied to the electrochemical cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposition of Nanoporous Nickel Layers Using Inductive Voltage Pulses

Vanags

Kleperis

Bajārs

et al. 2013

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Abstract. We used inductive voltage pulses for electro-deposition of porous nickel thin film onto steel electrode. Short pulses (tp<1 μs) with variable amplitude (to ensure electrodeposition current density in region 124-224 A/dm 2 ) were applied to electrode and resulting coating were analyzed with electrochemical and microscopic methods. At lower current densities only smooth nickel coatings growth, while at higher current densities the bubbles appear and porous layer was formed. Electrochemical impedance spectra of smooth and porous layers are measured in deionized water and in 1M KOH solution. The capacity in equivalent scheme is proportional to electrode surface, and from impedance spectra it is calculated that porous layer has 20 times larger active surface comparing to smooth layer (in KOH solution). From electrochemical measurements it is estimated that more efficient hydrogen evolution reaction occurs on electrode with porous nickel layer obtained at 223 A/dm 2 . It is shown in this work that inductive short pulse method can be used to obtain nano-porous nickel coatings on electrodes for efficient electrolysis cell. IntroductionThe pulse electrolysis in scientific literature is recognized as a powerful method to obtain electrochemical coatings [1]. Compared to constant voltage electrolysis, where only the value of applied potential can be changed, the more power parameters are changed in pulse electrolysis -the length of pulse, pulse tracking frequency, pulse polarity, pulse amplitude etc. By changing the characteristics of the pulse power, also changes the structure of obtained coatings -they are smoother and with better adhesion, as it is commonly recognized and explained by specific peculiarities of pulsed electric double layer [2]. Double layer is divided into two parts: the pulsating layer and diffusion layer. The concentration of active ions is periodically changing in the pulsating layer, reaching maximum at the momentum when pulse appears, and the minimum of the pulse ended. The layer thickness is proportional to the pulse duration, so the pulsating thin layer is duplicating the electrode surface very well, resulting in a smooth coating [3]. It is also observed that coating hardness increased by increasing the peak current [4], and if very high hardness internal stresses occur on the surface, it may be so high that the coating cracks. Generally, electro-coating crystallization process takes place in two steps. In the first step, the metal ion discharge and in the second step the metal atom is generated. The second step takes place in two scenarios: the metal atom is included in the bran of crystal and crystal growth, or new kernel is formed. The second scenario occurs when the crystal growth rate is so slow that generated metal atoms they can not add. It is shown that the radius of the surface of generated kernel is inversely proportional to the over-voltage. This suggests that increasing the over-voltage, the grain radius is decreasing [5]. When the pulse rate is high, Nernst diffusion layer no...

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Electrolyses model development for metal/electrolyte interface: Testing with microrespiration sensors

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Review of pulsed power for efficient hydrogen production

Review of pulsed power for efficient hydrogen production

Water Electrolysis with Inductive Voltage Pulses

Electrodeposition of Nanoporous Nickel Layers Using Inductive Voltage Pulses

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