“…Importantly, scientific lines of evidence have shown that traditional cleaning processes, such as sonication, even when associated with chemical agents, cannot be sufficient to efficiently remove the proteinaceous biofilm from contaminated instruments, and more aggressive and complex recycling methods as electrolysis have been suggested [7, 12, 26]. Considering that sandblasting is a simple procedure able to clean the screw surface by abrasive mechanical stripping, which can still benefit bone tissue response [27, 28], this study evaluated the mechanical strength of screws previously inserted in pig iliac bone that underwent recycling processes including sonication, sandblasting, and autoclave sterilization (group 3).…”