Electrolysis by intermittent potential

Viswanathan, K.V.; Cheh, H. Y.; Standart, G.

doi:10.1007/bf00937335

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Due to the rhombohedral (LiNO 3 and NaNO 3 ), orthorhombic (KNO 3 ), cubic (NaClO 3 ) and monoclinic (KClO 3 ) symmetry of crystals, they possess 6, 9, 3 and 13 independent elastic constants, respectively. The obtained elastic constants are in good agreement with Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo measurements [23,24,25] and are presented in Table 3. The computed elastic moduli are comparable with the ones obtained from inter-atomic potentials by including non-bonded [90].…”

Section: Elastic Constants and Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 83%

“…[14,15] Decomposition reactions of (Na/K)ClO 3 were investigated by X-ray photo electron spectroscopy. [16] Several experimental studies have been reported on structural [17,18,19,20,21,22] mechanical [23,24,25], IR and Raman spectroscopy [26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44] and optical [45,46,47,48] properties of the bulk crystals. A considerable amount of theoretical work has been devoted to understand the phase stability [49] mechanical [50] electronic structure of bulk and surfaces [49,51,52,53,54,55,56,57] and optical [54] properties of these materials using Hatree-Fock (HF) and standard Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ab-initio study of structural, vibrational and optical properties of solid oxidizers

Yedukondalu

Vaitheeswaran

2016

Materials Chemistry and Physics

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We report the structural, elastic and vibrational properties of five ionicmolecular solid oxidizers MNO 3 (M = Li, Na, K) and MClO 3 (M = Na, K). By treating long range electron-correlation effects, dispersion corrected method leads to more accurate predictions of structural properties and phase stability of KNO 3 polymorphs. The obtained elastic moduli show soft nature of these materials and are consistent with Ultrasonic Pulse Echo measurements. We made a complete assignment of vibrational modes which are in good accord with available experimental results. From calculated IR and Raman spectra, it is found that the vibrational frequencies show a red-shift from Li → Na → K (Na → K) and N → Cl for nitrates (chlorates) due to increase in mass of metal and non-metal atoms, respectively. The calculated electronic structure using recently developed Tran-Blaha modified Becke-Johnson potential show that the materials are wide band gap insulators with predominant ionic bonding between M + (metal) and NO − 3 /ClO − 3 ions and covalent bonding (N-O and Cl-O) within nitrate and chlorate anionic group. From the calculated optical spectra, we observe that electric-dipole transitions are due to nitrate/chlorate group below 20 eV and cationic transitions occur above 20 eV. The calculated reflectivity spectra are consistent with the available experimental spectra.

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Section: Elastic Constants and Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ab-initio study of structural, vibrational and optical properties of solid oxidizers

Yedukondalu

Vaitheeswaran

2016

Materials Chemistry and Physics

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“…In particular, their work utilized a single component transient mass transport model by Viswanathan et al [21] to describe the effect of pulse parameters on the pulsating diffusion layer of Mo adjacent to the electrode. They found good agreement between the model and experimental data over a large window (4 orders of magnitude) of pulse times at intermediate (0.4-0.6) duty cycles, implying that molybdenum is controlled entirely by mass transport over a majority of the range of pulse parameters studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and composition of pulse plated Re–Ni alloys on a rotating cylinder electrode

Rosen

Gileadi

Eliaz

2014

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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“…Comparison of the observed current-potential oscillations with theoretical waveforms described in the literature 19,20,22,23 is difficult, as the latter assumed a pure square-wave imposition of current. In the present work, the imposed cell potential is the forcing function, and the potential pulses are not square-wave shaped with absolute precision, due to the small inertia of the computer-controlled switch- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 150 ͑1͒ C24-C27 ͑2003͒ C26 ing mechanism.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Laser-Induced Spot Deposition of Copper on ITO Substrates via Pulsed-Potential Electrolysis

Fahidy

2003

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Localized deposition of copper on highly transparent indium-tin oxide ͑ITO͒ coated glass substrate cathodes was experimentally explored to produce spot deposits by the combination of focused laser beam bombardment and pulsed potential electroplating. Deposit localization was effected by directing the laser beam on a desired position, while potential pulsing was employed to remove the excess background copper deposit to control the spot size and to maintain high coating quality.Owing to its large thermal and electrical conductivity, high transparency, and good adhesion to metal coats, indium-tin oxide ͑ITO͒ has found wide application as a ''front'' electrode material in various photodetectors, photoreceivers, flat panel and liquid crystal displays, and organic/polymer light-emitting displays. The surface of an ITO electrode can be readily modified and/or patterned via metal deposition, 1 and conducting polymers 2-4 or ceramic materials. 5-8 In recent years, copper deposition has become important in attempts to replace the conventional vapor phase deposition of aluminum 9 in applications of integrated circuits. 10-12 Among various deposition techniques, laser-enhanced electrochemical plating [13][14][15] has been demonstrated to possess superiority over other processes, because highly localized deposition of copper can be achieved without a mask, by focusing a laser beam onto a predetermined position. While feasibility, flexibility, coupling with special plating and etching equipment, and modest costs characterize most laser-assisted electrolytic techniques, laser bombardment alone is insufficient for electrodeposition on certain surfaces. ITO-coated glass is a case in point: the irradiated area cannot absorb fully the incident laser energy, hence large thermal gradients are generated, and sharp deposit boundaries cannot be produced.The importance of pulse plating has been discussed in much detail in the earlier literature ͑see, for example, Ref. 16͒. Pulsationgenerated metal/alloy deposits generally exhibit high compactness and adhesion characteristics, although incomplete coverage due to certain displacement reactions can also occur. 17 The practical range of operating parameters during reverse-pulse current deposition was established by Roy and Landolt, 18 whose paper also reviews masstransport oriented analysis by Cheh 19 and Chin. 20 A study of coulombic efficiency and profitability 21 was spurred by earlier fundamental analyses of intermittent current electrolysis. 22,23 Commercial pulse plating has been practiced since 1965, 24 and continuing interest in it is manifested via yearly reviews and updates by Mandich. 25 Electrodeposition has been recognized as a highly competitive process for the fabrication of thin metal films, and, specifically, giant magnetoresistant nanostructured materials. 26 This and similar advances in small scale electrodeposition provided the impetus for an investigation of combined laser bombardment and pulsed electrolysis as a means of spot deposition, employing relatively simple exp...

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Electrolysis by intermittent potential

Cited by 20 publications

References 4 publications

Ab-initio study of structural, vibrational and optical properties of solid oxidizers

Ab-initio study of structural, vibrational and optical properties of solid oxidizers

Microstructure and composition of pulse plated Re–Ni alloys on a rotating cylinder electrode

Laser-Induced Spot Deposition of Copper on ITO Substrates via Pulsed-Potential Electrolysis

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