Electrolysis of Ammonium Carbamate: A Voltammetric and Xray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Investigation into theModification of Carbon Electrodes

Designing a self‐supported and binder‐free electrocatalyst for electrochemical detection of bio‐analytes is an intriguing area of research on electrochemical sensors. Herein, glassy carbon GC and graphene (Gr) were transformed to self‐supported and binder‐free electrocatalysts (N−GCE and N−Gr) for metal‐free and non‐enzymatic H2O2 detection by a simple electrochemical incorporation of nitrogen on their surfaces. The presence of nitrogen and its functional groups in N−GCE and N−Gr was confirmed by Raman, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. We found that the nitrogen incorporated surfaces, N−GCE and N−Gr show enhanced electrocatalytic activity compared to the oxygen incorporated surfaces, O−GCE and O−Gr, and plain GCE and Gr. The apparent electron transfer rate constant, ka of N−GCE and N−Gr increased significantly after nitrogen incorporation. The N−GCE and N−Gr show enhanced electrochemical performance towards H2O2 in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and reusability. The rate determining step of H2O2 reduction at N−GCE and N−Gr was determined by rotating disc electrode experiments. Also, N−GCE and N−Gr are shown to be potential candidates for the detection of H2O2 in real samples like urine and milk. The hidden potential of the method reported is that it can be extended to design many novel electrocatalytic materials simply by selecting a proper allotrope of carbon from the wide list of carbon allotropes.

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Modulating Metal‐Free and Non‐Enzymatic Electrocatalytic Activity of sp² Carbons Towards H₂O₂ Reduction by a Facile and Low‐Temperature Electrochemical Approach

Manju

Vusa

Arumugam

et al. 2018

ChemElectroChem

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A Facile and Versatile Electrochemical Tuning of Graphene for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acidic, Neutral and Alkali media

et al. 2017

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The need for the development of metal‐free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has become a necessity to circumvent the prohibitive cost of Pt and the shortcomings of Pt‐based catalysts. Herein, for the first time, graphene surface was tuned by a simple, room temperature, and easily adaptable electrochemical approach using ammonium carbamate as a nitrogen precursor. This method efficiently tuned the graphene surface by incorporating nitrogen and nitrogen functionalities with an unprecedented content of nitrogen (22.48%). The surface tuned graphene (N−Gr) acts as an efficient metal‐free electrocatalyst towards oxygen reduction reaction in a wide pH range, i. e. from neutral (pH 7) to alkaline (pH 14). Also, the N−Gr exhibits a similar Tafel slope (76 mV/dec) to that of Pt/C (64 mV/dec) in 0.1 M KOH. Long term stability and better tolerance to fuel are the other advantages of the N−Gr. The observed ORR activity of the N−Gr might be due to the higher content of nitrogen which provides higher active sites to promote electron transfer in ORR. All these confirm that the surface tuned graphene can be a suitable electrocatalyst for fuel cell applications and the electrochemical approach may pave a way to develop a set of novel and efficient electrocatalysts using the other graphitic nanocarbons.

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An asymmetric supercapacitor with anthraquinone and dihydroxybenzene modified carbon fabric electrodes

Algharaibeh

Pickup

2011

Electrochemistry Communications

130

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Electrolysis of Ammonium Carbamate: A Voltammetric and Xray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Investigation into theModification of Carbon Electrodes

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Modulating Metal‐Free and Non‐Enzymatic Electrocatalytic Activity of sp² Carbons Towards H₂O₂ Reduction by a Facile and Low‐Temperature Electrochemical Approach

Modulating Metal‐Free and Non‐Enzymatic Electrocatalytic Activity of sp² Carbons Towards H₂O₂ Reduction by a Facile and Low‐Temperature Electrochemical Approach

A Facile and Versatile Electrochemical Tuning of Graphene for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acidic, Neutral and Alkali media

An asymmetric supercapacitor with anthraquinone and dihydroxybenzene modified carbon fabric electrodes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Electrolysis of Ammonium Carbamate: A Voltammetric and Xray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Investigation into theModification of Carbon Electrodes

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Modulating Metal‐Free and Non‐Enzymatic Electrocatalytic Activity of sp2 Carbons Towards H2O2 Reduction by a Facile and Low‐Temperature Electrochemical Approach

Modulating Metal‐Free and Non‐Enzymatic Electrocatalytic Activity of sp2 Carbons Towards H2O2 Reduction by a Facile and Low‐Temperature Electrochemical Approach

A Facile and Versatile Electrochemical Tuning of Graphene for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acidic, Neutral and Alkali media

An asymmetric supercapacitor with anthraquinone and dihydroxybenzene modified carbon fabric electrodes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Modulating Metal‐Free and Non‐Enzymatic Electrocatalytic Activity of sp² Carbons Towards H₂O₂ Reduction by a Facile and Low‐Temperature Electrochemical Approach

Modulating Metal‐Free and Non‐Enzymatic Electrocatalytic Activity of sp² Carbons Towards H₂O₂ Reduction by a Facile and Low‐Temperature Electrochemical Approach