Electrolysis of black liquor for hydrogen production: Some initial findings

Ghatak, Himadri Roy

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.07.013

Cited by 55 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Between the late 80'sa nd 2009, many studies were reported for the electrochemical degradation of lignin as at reatment methodf or industrial wastewater streamst hat contain lignin, [77][78][79][80] lignin-enhanced water electrolysis, [81] and hydrogen production. [82][83][84][85] Still others used electrocatalysis as aw ay to modify lignin via nitriding, [86] silylation, phosphorylation, and fluorination to enhancet he number of active functional groups and consequently the lignin reactivity. [87] The degradation of lignin to form value-added products such as vanillin was also studied using various electrode types such as Pt, Au, Ni, Cu, DSA-O 2 , [88] PbO 2 , [88,89] BDD (boron-doped diamond), [90] Ti/Ru 0.1 Sn 0.2 Ti 0.7 O 2 , [91] and photoassisted electrocatalysis [91] as well as using mediators (K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]) to enhance electron transfer, [92,93] and nitroaromatic oxidants to lower reactiont emperatures.…”

Section: Electrocatalytic Treatment Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[54, 140 141] Among other organic molecules, such as methanol, [142][143][144][145] ethanol, [146][147][148][149][150][151] glycerol, [152,153] 5-HMF, [154,155] or even whole biomass, [156,157] lignin oxidation has been explored as al ower cost and lower energy alternative to water electrolysis to replaceanodic oxidation while co-generating hydrogen at lower potentials. Early studies by Ghatak et al demonstrated that BL electrolysis occurred at al ower potential [83,84] and could be optimized to produce CO 2 -free hydrogen gas with high energye fficiency. [85] Nong et al also demonstrated that electrolysiso fB Lu sing ac ationic electrolytic reactor equipped with ac ation-exchange membrane can result in the recovery of 80.4 %N aOH and 76 %b iomass residue while cogenerating 0.82 go fhydrogen gas.…”

Section: Electrochemical Degradation Of Lignin For Hydrogen Co-producmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Greener Routes to Biomass Waste Valorization: Lignin Transformation Through Electrocatalysis for Renewable Chemicals and Fuels Production

et al. 2020

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Lignin valorization is essential for biorefineries to produce fuels and chemicals for a sustainable future. Today's biorefineries pursue profitable value propositions for cellulose and hemicellulose; however, lignin is typically used mainly for its thermal energy value. To enhance the profit potential for biorefineries, lignin valorization would be a necessary practice. Lignin valorization is greatly advantaged when biomass carbon is retained in the fuel and chemical products and when energy quality is enhanced by electrochemical upgrading. Though lignin upgrading and valorization are very desirable in principle, many barriers involved in lignin pretreatment, extraction, and depolymerization must be overcome to unlock its full potential. This Review addresses the electrochemical transformation of various lignins with the aim of gaining a better understanding of many of the barriers that currently exist in such technologies. These studies give insight into electrochemical lignin depolymerization and upgrading to value‐added commodities with the end goal of achieving a global low‐carbon circular economy.

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Section: Electrocatalytic Treatment Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrochemical Degradation Of Lignin For Hydrogen Co-producmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greener Routes to Biomass Waste Valorization: Lignin Transformation Through Electrocatalysis for Renewable Chemicals and Fuels Production

et al. 2020

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“…Electrolysis and electrodialysis are two possible methods for electrochemical acidification of black liquor. Electrolysis of black liquor produces lignin at anode and hydrogen at the cathode . In an electrolysis cell, the black liquor is put in the anode chamber and diluted NaOH solution is fed to the cathode chamber.…”

Section: Lignin Fractionation By Electrochemical Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Lignin Conversion

et al. 2020

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Lignin is the largest source of renewable aromatic compounds, making the recovery of aromatic compounds from this material a significant scientific goal. Recently, many studies have reported on lignin depolymerization and upgrading strategies. Electrochemical approaches are considered to be low cost, reagent free, and environmentally friendly, and can be carried out under mild reaction conditions. In this Review, different electrochemical lignin conversion strategies, including electrooxidation, electroreduction, hybrid electro‐oxidation and reduction, and combinations of electrochemical and other processes (e. g., biological, solar) for lignin depolymerization and upgrading are discussed in detail. In addition to lignin conversion, electrochemical lignin fractionation from biomass and black liquor is also briefly discussed. Finally, the outlook and challenges for electrochemical lignin conversion are presented.

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“…Electrolysis cells usually use water, but other substrates are also possible. The usage of ammonia, methanol, urea, or even black liquor, a byproduct of the paper industries, is possible and subject to intense research.…”

Section: Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

H₂ generation from alkaline electrolyzer

Bodner

Hofer

Hacker

2014

WIREs Energy & Environment

107

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Water electrolysis is a promising approach to hydrogen production from renewable energy sources. Even though it is not necessarily environmentally friendly and a large number of possible feedstocks for hydrogen production include fossil resources such as coal, natural gas, and mineral oil, but also biomass, water, and components such as ethanol, methane, or ammonia can be used for hydrogen production. Also, a large variety of different energy sources can be used for hydrogen production. The combination of hydrogen production with renewable energy systems, such as photovoltaics, hydropower, or wind energy is very suitable though. Many innovative processes have been subject to intense research and some have already reached high efficiencies. Alkaline water electrolyzers with anion-conducting membranes hold many advantages in comparison to other systems. As cheaper, non-noble metals are stable in alkaline media, the relatively low cost of the electrode materials is one of the main advantages of alkaline systems over electrolyzers using proton-conducting electrolytes. Therefore, the main part of published literature on alkaline electrolysis describes electrodes based on low cost materials such as nickel for both anode and cathode. Yet still alkaline water electrolyzers have to compete against other forms of hydrogen production, such as steam reforming of natural gas. Even though many studies expect water electrolysis to become economically viable on a long-term basis, conventional hydrogen production is still hard to under-price.

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Electrolysis of black liquor for hydrogen production: Some initial findings

Cited by 55 publications

References 19 publications

Greener Routes to Biomass Waste Valorization: Lignin Transformation Through Electrocatalysis for Renewable Chemicals and Fuels Production

Greener Routes to Biomass Waste Valorization: Lignin Transformation Through Electrocatalysis for Renewable Chemicals and Fuels Production

Electrochemical Lignin Conversion

H₂ generation from alkaline electrolyzer

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Electrolysis of black liquor for hydrogen production: Some initial findings

Cited by 55 publications

References 19 publications

Greener Routes to Biomass Waste Valorization: Lignin Transformation Through Electrocatalysis for Renewable Chemicals and Fuels Production

Greener Routes to Biomass Waste Valorization: Lignin Transformation Through Electrocatalysis for Renewable Chemicals and Fuels Production

Electrochemical Lignin Conversion

H2 generation from alkaline electrolyzer

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H₂ generation from alkaline electrolyzer