Electrolysis promoted reductive amination of electron-deficient aldehydes/ketones: a green route to the racemic clopidogrel

Abstract

A green and efficient electrocatalytic reductive amination of electron-deficient aldehydes/ketones for the preparation of racemic clopidogrel.

Transient Stabilization Effect of CO2 in the Electrochemical Hydrogenation of Azo Compounds and the Reductive Coupling of α‐Ketoesters

“…To gain further insights into the mechanism, CV experiments were carried out (Figure 2). For methyl 2‐oxo‐2‐phenylacetate 3 a , two reductive peaks at −1.78 V and −2.76 V were emerged (Figure 2, curve b), suggesting that such an active ketone may be reduced to monohydric alcohol or other possible derivatives [18] . However, in the presence of both 3 a and CO 2 , only one significant reductive peak was observed (−1.70 V, curve d).…”

“…For methyl 2-oxo-2-phenylacetate 3 a, two reductive peaks at À 1.78 V and À 2.76 V were emerged (Figure 2, curve b), suggesting that such an active ketone may be reduced to monohydric alcohol or other possible derivatives. [18] However, in the presence of both 3 a and CO 2 , only one significant reductive peak was observed (À 1.70 V, curve d). This result indicates that only a one-electron reduction process may have occurred in the reductive coupling reaction, which is consistent with the result of the reaction in which the carbonyl group is reduced to radical anion and then coupled to form the vicinal diol precursor.…”