Electrolyte disorders in horses with colic. Part 1: potassium and magnesium

Borer, K. E.; Corley, Kevin T.T.

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3292.2006.tb00461.x

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Blood gas analysis of 56 diarrheic foals revealed that 16% had metabolic acidosis [19,43]. Diarrheic foals have low levels of sodium, potassium, and calcium due to electrolyte loss caused by the diarrhea [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteric Pathogens and Coinfections in Foals with and without Diarrhea

Olivo

Lucas

Borges

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

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Diarrhea is a major clinical problem affecting foals up to 3 months of age. The aim of this study was to identify enteric microorganisms involved in monoinfections and coinfections and the associated virulence factors in healthy and diarrheic foals. Diarrheic (D) (n = 56) and nondiarrheic (ND) foals (n = 60) up to three months of age were studied. Fecal samples were analyzed for identification of infectious agents (microbiological culturing, molecular techniques, and microscopic analyses). Escherichia coli fimH (30% versus 25%), Salmonella spp. (25% versus 7%), Strongyloides westeri (25% versus 25%), Clostridium perfringens type A (21% versus 10%), E. coli ag43 (20% versus 35%), Strongylus (11% versus 18%), and vapA-positive Rhodococcus equi (5% versus 2%) were the most frequent enteric pathogens detected in D and ND foals, respectively. The frequency of toxin A-positive C. perfringens was significantly increased in the D (p = 0.033) compared with the ND animals. R. equi strains harboring virulent plasmids were also identified (VapA 85-kb type I and VapA 87-kb type I) in D and ND foals. Coinfections were observed in 46% of the D and 33% of the ND foals. Our results demonstrate the great diversity of enteric pathogens, virulence factors, and coinfections involved in enteric infections of foals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteric Pathogens and Coinfections in Foals with and without Diarrhea

Olivo

Lucas

Borges

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

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“…Myocardial hypoxia occurs when oxygen delivery is too low to support tissue demands . Oxygen delivery is dependent on stroke volume, HR, blood hemoglobin concentration, arterial oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SaO 2 ), partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood (PaO 2 ), and regional tissue perfusion . All of these factors may be altered in horses with acute hemorrhage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The institutional reference ranges for horses were used to determine electrolyte abnormalities. The laboratory did not have an institutional reference interval for ionized magnesium, so a previously reported reference range was used (0.45–0.65 mmol/L) [0.9–1.3 mEq/L]) …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myocardial insult and arrhythmias after acute hemorrhage in horses

Solís

Schaer

Boston

et al. 2015

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Objective -The objectives of this investigation were to: (1) Determine if acute hemorrhage is associated with increased plasma cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentration or cardiac arrhythmias, (2) to describe the types of arrhythmias and their clinical course in horses following acute hemorrhage, (3) to determine the ability of clinical or clinicopathological variables to predict an increase in cTnI concentration and the presence of arrhythmias, and (4) to determine the associations of cTnI and cardiac arrhythmias with outcome. Design -Prospective observational study. Setting -Large animal veterinary teaching hospital. Animals -Eleven client-owned adult horses admitted for treatment of acute hemorrhage (HG) and 4 adult horses undergoing controlled blood collection (BDG). Methods -Serial cTnI concentrations were measured and continuous ECGs were obtained from the HG and BDG groups. Statistical tests were used to determine associations among acute hemorrhage and plasma cTnI concentrations, the presence of cardiac arrhythmias, clinicopathologic data (heart rate [HR], packed cell volume [PCV], total plasma protein [TPP], plasma lactate, and plasma creatinine concentrations), and outcome. Results -Plasma cTnI concentration and ECG were within reference intervals at all time points in the BDG. All horses in the HG had increased cTnI (ranging from 0.1-29.9 ng/mL). Arrhythmias were detected in 8 of these horses. There was an association between acute hemorrhage and increased cTnI (P = 0.004, = 0.77), and the presence of arrhythmias (P = 0.026, = 0.64). There were associations among plasma cTnI concentration and the presence of arrhythmias (P = 0.005), arrhythmias requiring treatment (P = 0.036), and poor outcome (P = 0.024). Conclusions -Acute hemorrhage results in myocardial injury that can be detected by measuring cTnI concentration. Arrhythmias were frequent in hospitalized horses following acute hemorrhage. (J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2015; 25(2): 248-255)

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“…The main principles of electrolyte administration have been discussed in part 1 (Borer and Corley 2006).…”

Section: Prevention and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the first part of this article (Borer and Corley 2006), we covered potassium and magnesium. In this second part, we turn our attention to calcium, sodium, chloride and phosphate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%