Electrolyte‐Gated Organic Field‐Effect Transistor Based on a Solution Sheared Organic Semiconductor Blend

Leonardi, Francesca; Casalini, Stefano; Zhang, Qiaoming; Galindo, Sara; Gutiérrez, Diego; Mas‐Torrent, Marta

doi:10.1002/adma.201602479

Cited by 48 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Films with a ratio of DB‐TTF/PS 4:1 and with only DB‐TTF were not considered to work as transistors because the on/off ratio was only about 10 (Figure S12, Supporting Information). This enhanced doping could possibly be caused by the lower amount of PS that prevents an efficient encapsulation of the OSC . Importantly, to our knowledge this is the first time that it has been demonstrated that the ratio OSC: binder polymer has not only an influence on the thin films morphology and crystal size domains, but it can also determine the OSC polymorph or the polymorphism purity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…It should be also highlighted that typically DB‐TTF thin film OFETs exhibit large threshold voltages ( V TH ), often higher than 20 V, and are very unstable in environmental conditions. However, blending the material with an inert polymer has been shown to be an ideal strategy to fabricate stable DB‐TTF‐based devices …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the substrate is displaced, a fast crystallization of the film takes place at the substrate‐solution‐air interfaces, forming a nanometer‐thick film. During the crystallization a vertical phase separation takes place, forming a bottom PS layer and a top OSC layer with high crystallinity . In particular, we explore here how the speed of the moving substrate and its temperature affect the crystallization process as well as the ratio organic semiconductor/insulating polymer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Control of Polymorphism and Morphology in Solution Sheared Organic Field‐Effect Transistors

Galindo

Tamayo

Leonardi

et al. 2017

Adv Funct Materials

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During the last decades, small molecule organic semiconductors have been successfully used as active layer in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Despite the high mobility achieved so far with organic molecules, in order to progress in the field it is crucial to find techniques to process them from solution. The device reproducibility is one of the principal weak points of organic electronics for further commercialization. To achieve a high device-to-device reproducibility it is essential to control the morphology and polymorphism of the active layer for OFET application. In this work, the preparation of thin films is reported based on blends of the organic semiconductor dibenzotetrathiafulvalene (DB-TTF) and polystyrene by a solution shearing technique compatible with upscaling. Here, it is demonstrated that varying the deposition parameters (i.e., speed and temperature) or the solution formulation (i.e., semiconductor/binder polymer ratio) is possible to control the film morphology and semiconductor polymorphism and, hence, the different intermolecular interactions. It is demonstrated that the control of the thermodynamics and kinetics of the crystallization process is key for the device performance optimization. Further, this is the first time that DB-TTF thin films of the α-polymorph are reported.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Control of Polymorphism and Morphology in Solution Sheared Organic Field‐Effect Transistors

Galindo

Tamayo

Leonardi

et al. 2017

Adv Funct Materials

Self Cite

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“…These experiments were performed in the absence of electron acceptor molecules to investigate the possible effect of the short electrically inactive chain of P4VP and whether the particular NPs preparation conditions using a nonsolvent affect the electrical properties of the conjugated polymer. [44] The hole mobility of BCP5-only NP films was measured in untreated samples and after thermal treatment for 20 min at 90 and 120 °C, respectively.…”

Section: Morphological and Electrical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water‐Processable Amphiphilic Low Band Gap Block Copolymer:Fullerene Blend Nanoparticles as Alternative Sustainable Approach for Organic Solar Cells

Zappia

Scavia

Ferretti

et al. 2018

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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The preparation of water‐processable nanoparticles (NPs) of polymer semiconductors assembled using an amphiphilic rod‐coil block copolymer (BCP), and their application to active layer sustainable fabrication of organic photovoltaic devices are reported. The hydrophobic rod is a p‐type semiconductor, while the hydrophilic coil is a short chain of poly‐4‐vinylpyridine strongly interacting with [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM). Through miniemulsion technique stable water‐suspended blend NPs are obtained, avoiding nonconducting surfactant use. The amphiphilic BCP fulfills a dual function, as surfactant for stabilizing the blend NPs and as electron donor material in the active layer. After mild annealing of obtained films, blend NPs interconnect with each other forming compact and uniform layers with adequate morphology for efficient charge percolation to the electrodes. Space‐charge limited hole mobility of ≈5 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 in BCP‐only NP films annealed at 120 °C (corresponding to a tenfold increase in mobility as compared to the p‐type semiconductor films spin‐coated from chlorinated solvents) indicates strong p–p interactions in the self‐assembled NPs. Blend NPs were covered with thin PC61BM layer and used as active layers in photovoltaic devices displaying high photocurrents (11.5 mA cm−2) and average power conversion efficiency of 2.53% after annealing at 90 °C.

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“…In this paper, we report a mercury‐mediated surface doping of a thin film of a p‐type OSC blended with polystyrene (PS) induced by a redox reaction between an aqueous mercury solution (HgCl 2 ) and the OSC. It has been previously shown that the films prepared by these OSC/PS blends are self‐encapsulated by the polymer and, hence, a poor permeation of the ions into the OSC is expected . In order to monitor the doping level, we have exploited the WGOFET layout as electronic transducer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury‐Mediated Organic Semiconductor Surface Doping Monitored by Electrolyte‐Gated Field‐Effect Transistors

Zhang

Leonardi

Casalini

et al. 2017

Adv Funct Materials

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Surface doping allows tuning the electronic structure of semiconductors at near-surface regime and is normally accomplished through the deposition of an ultrathin layer on top or below the host material. Surface doping is particularly appealing in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) where charge transport takes place at the first monolayers close to the dielectric surface. However, due to fabrication restrictions that OFET architecture imparts, this is extremely challenging. Here, it is demonstrated that mercury cations, Hg 2+ , can be exploited to control doping levels at the top surface of a thin film of a p-type organic semiconductor blended with polystyrene. Electrolyte-or water-gated field-effect transistors, which have its conductive channel at the top surface of the organic thin film, turn out to be a powerful tool for monitoring the process. A positive shift of the threshold voltage is observed in the devices upon Hg 2+ exposure. Remarkably, this interaction has been proved to be specific to Hg 2+ with respect to other divalent cations and sensitive down to nanomolar concentrations. Hence, this work also opens new perspectives for employing organic electronic transducers in portable sensors for the detection of an extremely harmful water pollutant without the need of using specific receptors.

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Electrolyte‐Gated Organic Field‐Effect Transistor Based on a Solution Sheared Organic Semiconductor Blend

Cited by 48 publications

References 32 publications

Control of Polymorphism and Morphology in Solution Sheared Organic Field‐Effect Transistors

Control of Polymorphism and Morphology in Solution Sheared Organic Field‐Effect Transistors

Water‐Processable Amphiphilic Low Band Gap Block Copolymer:Fullerene Blend Nanoparticles as Alternative Sustainable Approach for Organic Solar Cells

Mercury‐Mediated Organic Semiconductor Surface Doping Monitored by Electrolyte‐Gated Field‐Effect Transistors

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