Electrolytes: Acid–Base Balance

Mark, Patrick B.; Stevens, Kathryn; Jardine, Alan G.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-375083-9.00087-8

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…40 These metabolites, along with the conjugates of CAF, may meddle with the acid secretory process, impeding the transport and secretion of PIO. [41][42][43] Pioglitazone is biotransformed mainly in the liver by oxidation and hydroxylation, and the ensuing metabolites are also partially transformed to glucuronides or sulfate conjugates, with the majority excreted as inactive metabolites in the faeces. 9 Organic anions, including glucuronides, are actively carried into the bile and are finally excreted in faeces or reabsorbed via enterohepatic circulation.…”

Section: Groups Alt (Iu/l) Ast (Iu/l) Ldh (Iu/l) Ckmb (Iu/l)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…41 Augmented catabolism of free fatty acid by the liver, muscles, and other tissues may cause ketoacidosis. 42,43 Enhanced fat catabolism leads to metabolic acidosis, and is compensated by increased urinary acid secretion, with the corresponding decrease in urinary pH. 43 Thus, the acidic conditions in renal tubules make the anions (acids as well as glucuronides) to be absorbed back into the systemic circulation after converting them into uncharged acids.…”

Section: Groups Alt (Iu/l) Ast (Iu/l) Ldh (Iu/l) Ckmb (Iu/l)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Saudi Med J 2021; Vol. 42 2C affeine (CAF) is one of the most consumed beverages globally, second only to water, and it is present in coffee, tea, and soft drinks. 1 Coffee is a principal route of exposure to CAF in the European population, while tea constitutes the main route of CAF in Asian communities.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Caffeine modulates pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of pioglitazone in diabetic rats

Alshabi

Alkahtani

Shaikh

et al. 2021

SMJ

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using 5 groups of Wistar rats: normal rats, untreated diabetic rats, diabetic rats + caffeine (20 mg/kg), diabetic rats + PIO (10 mg/kg), and diabetic rats + PIO (10 mg/kg) + caffeine (20 mg/kg). The drugs were administered for Original Article 14 days, and fasting plasma glucose concentrations were determined on the first day, and thereafter at weekly intervals. On day 14, rat sacrifice was followed with assay of levels of biomarkers. To estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters, the diabetic animals were assigned to 2 groups: one group received PIO (10 mg/kg), while the other received PIO + caffeine (20 mg/kg). Blood samples were drawn from the retro-orbital plexus at different time intervals, and pharmacokinetic parameters were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Results: Caffeine caused statistically marked increases in area under the curve, C max , T max , and half-life of PIO, and decreased clearance. Combination of PIO and caffeine produced a synergistic effect on percentage reduction in blood glucose, with 67.1% reductions observed on day 7 and 68.9% reductions observed on day 14. Liver and cardiac biomarkers were significantly decreased, suggesting cardioprotective and hepatoprotective effects. Conclusion: Co-administration of PIO with caffeine enhances its antidiabetic effect, probably due to enhanced bioavailability of PIO, leading to clinical benefits in diabetic patients.

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Section: Groups Alt (Iu/l) Ast (Iu/l) Ldh (Iu/l) Ckmb (Iu/l)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Groups Alt (Iu/l) Ast (Iu/l) Ldh (Iu/l) Ckmb (Iu/l)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Caffeine modulates pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of pioglitazone in diabetic rats

Alshabi

Alkahtani

Shaikh

et al. 2021

SMJ

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“…Urine that is infected will experience a gradual shift in pH as a result of the production of NH4+ by microorganisms that break down urea. It is usual practice to calculate the quantity of NH4+ in the urine by subtracting the concentrations of the two most abundant cations, Na+ and K+, from the concentrations of the most abundant anion, Cl (Mark and Jardine, 2013). Changing the pH of urine while keeping the same amount of fluid passing through the kidneys is one way to increase renal clearance of drugs that are considered to have weak electrolytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriological study of the bacteria isolated from alkaline urine in women and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents

2023

JPTCP

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According to the findings, the typical level of (alkaline urine) found in patients suffering from an infection of the urinary tract was 10.6 percent. It was significantly higher in women who were not pregnant compared to women who weren't pregnant (62.5% vs. 37.5%) at a probability levelP = 0.0001. Most patients were in the age category of less than 25 years. All of the patients showed evidence of positive bacterial growth, and E. coli was shown to be the most prevalent bacteria (22.5%, P 0.05). Additionally, 46.8% of these samples included urease-producing bacteria. (Gentamycin), (Nalidixic acid and Phosphomycin 0 percent), and fractionally resistant to (Ciprofloxacin 50 percent efficacy), and (Azithromycine 60 percent). The only antibiotic that was effective against all of the bacterial samples was 100% for Amoxacillin .

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Thermodynamics of the dissociation of aminomethanesulfonic acid and its N-substituted derivatives in aqueous solutions at 293–313 K

Khoma

2017

Russ. J. Phys. Chem.

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Electrolytes: Acid–Base Balance

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Caffeine modulates pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of pioglitazone in diabetic rats

Caffeine modulates pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of pioglitazone in diabetic rats

Bacteriological study of the bacteria isolated from alkaline urine in women and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents

Thermodynamics of the dissociation of aminomethanesulfonic acid and its N-substituted derivatives in aqueous solutions at 293–313 K

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