Electrolytic behavior of yttria and yttria stabilized hafnia

Temperature effects on electrical resistivity of selected ceramics for high‐temperature packaging applications

“…Thus, this high level of predictability and control, combined with that of its displayed values being above those of AlN, has made Y 2 O 3 a material of interest in this investigation. The composition of Y 2 O 3 that was tested and shown in Figure 5a,b displayed a stronger trend than that of bulk resistivity of Y 2 O 3 of similar purity and density in the cited literature 9 . However, the surface resistivity maintained lower values, with the lowest value of 5.5 kΩ cm obtained at 1200°C, in contrast to the bulk resistivity of 9.8 kΩ cm at 1192°C.…”

“…Throughout this study, the effects of temperatures up to 1200°C on the resistivity of four ceramic materials and one glass, namely, BeO, AlN, Si 3 N 4 , Y 2 O 3 , and SiO 2 , were evaluated. Based on previously reported work, the extent to which temperature affects the resistivity of these electrically insulating ceramics was generally characterized by an exponential response to temperature 3–9 . Thus, plotting resistivity on a logarithmic scale versus temperature produces an apparent linear fit, from which the activation energy could be computed.…”

“…AlN and Si 3 N 4 were focused on as potential substrate and packaging materials in the late 1980s, with additional applications as transducers and refractories 13,15 . Y 2 O 3 and SiO 2 are interesting candidates, 9,16 yet mismatches in coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) have prevented widescale adoption as packaging materials. With dozens of experimental data on these materials, there often remains lack of extreme temperature (>1000°C) measurements and sometimes magnitudes of variance between samples of the same material due to differences in processing, material qualities, and variations in experimental techniques 10 …”