Electrolytic enrichment method for tritium determination in the Arctic Ocean using liquid scintillation counter

Lin, Feng; Yu, Tingdong; Yu, Wen Li; Ni, Jialin; Li, Lin

doi:10.1007/s13131-020-1647-4

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…with (11) where t o , the sum of the duration of the single background measurements to j in s; u rel (f A ), relative standard uncertainty of the correction factor for the decay; u rel (η A,i ), relative standard uncertainty of the tritium yield of electrolysis cell i; u rel (m n ), relative standard uncertainty of the mass of solution remaining in the cell after electrolysis; u rel (m v ), relative standard uncertainty of the mass of the solution filled into the electrolysis cell before electrolysis; u rel (m M ), relative standard uncertainty of the mass of distillate in the scintillation vial; u rel (ρ), relative standard uncertainty of the density of water; and u rel (ε), relative standard uncertainty of the detection efficiency.…”

Section: Counting Time-dependent Decision Threshold Detection Limit A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An approach utilizing electrolytic enrichment and ultralow background liquid scintillation counting was developed to measure tritium levels in seawater. Testing on 84 seawater samples showed that 92% were above the detection limit, with activities ranging from 0.8 TU to 12 TU by Lin et al [11]. Zang et al [12] employed optimized measurement parameters to achieve a detection limit of 0.45 TU for tritium when analyzing 700 mL seawater samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Advanced Optimization Method to Minimize the Detection Limit of Liquid Scintillation Counter to Measure Low-Level Tritium Activity in Groundwater

Mamun

2023

Radiation

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In arid regions, the tritium concentration in groundwater is typically very low and often falls below the minimum detectable activity (MDA) of the conventional liquid scintillation counter (LSC). Therefore, to measure the tritium activity concentration, it is necessary to lower the detection limit so that the scintillation counter can detect it. In the present study, several methods are discussed which are effective at lowering the detectable activity of tritium. One of these methods is to enrich the tritium activity concentration by ten- to fortyfold of the initial concentration of the tritium. Twelve spiked samples with known amounts of tritium, five with high concentrations and seven with low concentrations, were enriched by the electrolysis process. The results indicated that enriching the tritium levels in groundwater lowers the MDA value. Other methods are minimizing background radiation using low-background materials for sample containers, increasing the measurement efficiency of the scintillation counter and counting time, and shielding the sample from environmental radiation using the shutter option in LSC. Moreover, reducing the number of interfering contaminants in the sample can lower the uncertainty in measuring the tritium concentration in the water sample, which is beneficial for detecting low-level tritium in water to ensure public health and safety.

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Section: Counting Time-dependent Decision Threshold Detection Limit A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Advanced Optimization Method to Minimize the Detection Limit of Liquid Scintillation Counter to Measure Low-Level Tritium Activity in Groundwater

Mamun

2023

Radiation

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“…The knowledge of the isotopic composition (δ 2 H, δ 18 O, and 3 H) in surface and groundwater in relation to the isotopic composition of the precipitations allows us to determine the average residence time of the water in the aquifers (Campbell et al, 2021 ; Krajcar Bronić & Barešić, 2021 ), the possible interconnections between different aquifers (Andries et al, 2021 ; Mahlangu et al, 2020 ), the origin of waters (Andries et al, 2021 ; Catalano et al, 2014 ), and the dynamics of processes in surface waters (Ramaroson et al, 2018 ; Schmidt et al, 2020 ). In addition, although the 3 H concentration in the atmosphere in recent years has reached values in line with the environmental threshold, thanks to the electrolytic enrichment methodologies it is possible to determine the low concentrations of 3 H using the liquid scintillation counting technique (Belachew et al, 2018 ; Lin et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical and isotopic tracers to define the aquifer’s vulnerability: the case study of the alluvial multi-aquifer system of the Friulian plain

Renzo

Rizzo

Telloli

et al. 2023

Environ Monit Assess

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The Friuli-Venezia Giulia Region (north of Italy) is characterized by the presence of high-quality freshwater resources which benefit local citizens, animals, environmental habitats, and also agriculture and production activities. Waters from wells, canal, and wastewater selected in the Fiume Veneto area, through a detailed lithological modeling, were sampled and analyzed to characterize them from a geochemical point of view. The chemical and isotopic characterization made it possible to establish provenance, and the average age of water used, making available the estimation of the relationships between recharge capacity and water use in the Fiume Vento area. The focus of this study is to define the average age of the resources based on the time required for the recharge contributions to compensate the losses induced by exploitation. The results made it possible to support the plans for a water balance using the provenance and average age of water sources for the protection of water reserves formed by the multi-aquifer system of the high and medium Friuli plain. The methodology applied has followed the legislation of the water directive considering the overexploitation due to unauthorized withdrawals of the sampling area.

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“…The separation of hydrogen isotopes plays a significant role in the nuclear industry and environmental science, for example, heavy water (D 2 O) production, tritium decontamination, and tritium measurement. − Current technologies, however, are hampered by the low separation efficiency, necessitating repetitive processing steps and complex facilities, resulting in high capital costs and large energy consumption . Recently, single-layer graphene has been reported to be a high-efficiency hydrogen isotope sieving membrane in the electrochemical environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Hydrogen Isotope Separation Efficiency: Graphene or Catalyst?

Chu

Zhang

Wei

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Single-layer graphene has been demonstrated to be a high-efficiency hydrogen isotope sieving membrane in the electrochemical hydrogen pumping system. In this work, we transferred this membrane to proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE), which has wide industrial applications. Two membrane electrode assemblies with decorated Pt and ink-coated Pt were investigated. The graphene with the decorated Pt scheme acquired the reported highest proton-to-tritium separation factor of 19.50 in PEMWE. However, rather than graphene, the decorated catalyst was demonstrated to be responsible for this remarkable separation efficiency. Previous studies from Geim’s group underestimated the enhanced separation efficiency of decorated Pt over ink-coated Pt, resulting in an exaggerated separation efficiency for graphene. The behavior of proton transfer with hydrogen isotope separation through graphene was interpreted by a serial-parallel circuit model, which suggested that hydrogen isotope separation occurs at defect sites. The limited separation efficiency for graphene was also well understood by a density functional theory (DFT) calculation using an SW 55-77 model and the transition state theory for the kinetic isotope effect. This research provides a thorough understanding of proton transfer with hydrogen isotope separation through graphene.

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Electrolytic enrichment method for tritium determination in the Arctic Ocean using liquid scintillation counter

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

An Advanced Optimization Method to Minimize the Detection Limit of Liquid Scintillation Counter to Measure Low-Level Tritium Activity in Groundwater

An Advanced Optimization Method to Minimize the Detection Limit of Liquid Scintillation Counter to Measure Low-Level Tritium Activity in Groundwater

Geochemical and isotopic tracers to define the aquifer’s vulnerability: the case study of the alluvial multi-aquifer system of the Friulian plain

High Hydrogen Isotope Separation Efficiency: Graphene or Catalyst?

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