Electromagnetic Characterization for UHF-RFID Fixed Reader in Smart Healthcare Environments

Ramos, Victoria; Trillo, Angeles M.; Suárez, Oscar J.; Suarez, Samuel; Febles, Victor M.; Rabassa, Luis E.; Karpowicz, Jolanta; Aldecoa, José C. Fernández de; Hernández, J.A.

doi:10.1109/emceurope48519.2020.9245850

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Preliminary experimental results were represented through 2D contour maps as conference article [45]. This work is focused on exposure levels due to the RFID localization system in order to verify regulations concerning the safety of patients and the general public in the labor and healthcare fields.…”

Section: Figure 1 Rfid Basic System Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spectral distribution of radio frequency (RF) energy has been studied via selective frequency measurement tools in the HUC at 865-868 MHz frequency range. The influence of RFID on the environment is defined by the measurement of the variables and features of the emission levels [45].…”

Section: A Hospital Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 presents points of measurement marked. In each measurement point the antenna has been oriented to detect the maximum value of the E-field at 100 cm and 170 cm heights above the ground as was presented in [45]. In these locations, the values of the E-field were collected and registered.…”

Section: D Graphic Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electromagnetic Characterization of UHF-RFID Fixed Reader in Healthcare Centers Related to the Personal and Labor Health

Ramos

Suárez

Febles³

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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Hospitals and healthcare centers are experiencing a remarkable implementation of new systems based on wireless communications technologies. Many of these systems provide location services and identification of materials, instrumentation and even patients, which promotes the increase of the quality and the efficiency of healthcare. A tracking system based on short-range radio frequency, UHF-RFID is evaluated. This system helps with location of orthopedic prosthesis according to the criteria and requirements of a specific hospital environment. It is characterized the influence of UHF-RFID system in the electromagnetic environment by measuring the parameters and characteristics of the emission levels. The results of the assessment are represented through 2D contour maps and simulations have been performed by means of an in-house 3D-RL algorithm. The proposed graph aims to provide a methodology of studying the electromagnetic environments and the evaluation of the safety conditions of workers, patients, and people in general. E field exposure levels due to the RFID localization system were analyzed in order to verify regulations concerning the safety of patients and the general public in the labor and healthcare fields. Localized electromagnetic field exposure at levels which may cause electromagnetic hazards in the specific healthcare environment have been found and potentially excessive exposure to EMF emitted by UHF RFID devices may apply to patients or bystanders. In all cases, insufficient electromagnetic immunity of electronic devices (including AIMD and other medical devices) should be considered and the electromagnetic hazards may be limited also by relevant preventive measures, as also shown in this paper, together with the principles of an in-situ evaluation of electromagnetic hazards near the UHF RFID devices. It needs attention and further wider studies.

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Section: Figure 1 Rfid Basic System Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Hospital Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electromagnetic Characterization of UHF-RFID Fixed Reader in Healthcare Centers Related to the Personal and Labor Health

Ramos

Suárez

Febles³

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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“…A relevant study of the analysis of the electric field (E-field) parameters is made, for example, as regards the exposure to spatial distribution of the results of the 3D Ray Launching (3D-RL) technique simulation, as displayed via 2D contour maps, as being processed with the use of a relevant MATLAB ® algorithm [13,14]. Some other studies of the E-field parameters were based upon the scenario which entailed the far-field conditions, and applicable at least a several wavelength away from the emitting antenna [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic Assessment of UHF-RFID Devices in Healthcare Environment

et al. 2022

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In this work, the evaluation of electromagnetic effect of Ultra High Frequency Radio Frequency Identification (UHF-RFID) passive tags used in the healthcare environment is presented. In order to evaluate exposure levels caused by EM field (865–868 MHz) of UHF-RFID readers, EM measurements in an anechoic chamber and in a real medical environment (Hospital Universitario de Canarias), as well as simulations by 3D Ray Launching algorithm, and of biophysical exposure effects in human models are presented. The results obtained show that the EM exposure is localized, in close vicinity of RFID reader and inversely proportional to its reading range. The EM exposure levels detected are sufficient to cause EM immunity effects in electronic devices (malfunctions in medical equipment or implants). Moreover, more than negligible direct effects in humans (exceeding relevant SAR values) were found only next to the reader, up to approximately 30% of the reading range. As a consequence, the EM risk could be firstly evaluated based on RFID parameters, but should include an in situ exposure assessment. It requires attention and additional studies, as increased applications of monitoring systems are observed in the healthcare sector—specifically when any system is located close to the workplace that is permanently occupied.

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“…WSNs can be used for various purposes, such as intelligent transportation systems and vehicular communications; electricity, gas and water monitoring; and smart homes, cities and factories (Industry 4.0) [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. They are also used to monitor various bodily functions, typically in e-Health solutions but also for firefighters, industry and military workers, to detect firefighter movements or track soldiers and predict the warzone [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the Influence of Electromagnetic Field on the User of a Wearable IoT Device Used in a WSN for Monitoring and Reducing Hazards in the Work Environment

Zradziński

Karpowicz

Gryz

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the absorption in a user’s head of an electromagnetic field (EMF) emitted by the Wi-Fi and/or Bluetooth module of a wearable small Internet of Things (IoT) electronic device (emitting EMF of up to 100 mW), in order to test the hypothesis that EMF has an insignificant influence on humans, and to compare the levels of such EMF absorption in various scenarios when using this device. The modelled EMF source was a meandered inverted-F antenna (MIFA)-type antenna of the ESP32-WROOM-32 radio module used in wearable devices developed within the reported study. To quantify the EMF absorption, the specific energy absorption rate (SAR) values were calculated in a multi-layer ellipsoidal model of the human head (involving skin, fat, skull bones and brain layers). The obtained results show up to 10 times higher values of SAR from the MIFA located in the headband, in comparison to its location on the helmet. Only wearable IoT devices (similar in construction and way of use to the investigated device) emitting at below 3 mW equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) from Wi-Fi/Bluetooth communications modules may be considered environmentally insignificant EMF sources.

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Electromagnetic Characterization for UHF-RFID Fixed Reader in Smart Healthcare Environments

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Electromagnetic Characterization of UHF-RFID Fixed Reader in Healthcare Centers Related to the Personal and Labor Health

Electromagnetic Characterization of UHF-RFID Fixed Reader in Healthcare Centers Related to the Personal and Labor Health

Electromagnetic Assessment of UHF-RFID Devices in Healthcare Environment

Modelling the Influence of Electromagnetic Field on the User of a Wearable IoT Device Used in a WSN for Monitoring and Reducing Hazards in the Work Environment

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