Electromagnetic communication between cells through tunneling nanotubes

Abstract

Structures of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) of the circular cross-section of 50 and 200 nm and length up to 1 mm form a communication system between cells. While transport of material such as endocytic vesicles, mitochondria, proteins, cytoplasmic molecules, etc., is experimentally proven, a possible transfer of electric and electromagnetic energy across TNTs corresponding to electrotechnical processes of excitation, propagation, and amplification in cavity systems is yet in a beginning stage of research. The ideas presented in this paper are based on technical mechanisms applied to submicroscopic systems. Main features of corrugated periodic structures, electromagnetic circular waveguides, the Manley–Rowe amplification, the Fröhlich non-linear interaction of coherent electric polar vibrations, and description of cut-off frequency propagating limits in the waveguide and cavities and along periodic structures are discussed. We suggest that cell-to-cell connection with TNTs may form a unified coherent cavity system which enables simultaneity and mutual cooperation in multicellular organisms.

Organizing and Disorganizing Resonances of Microtubules, Stem Cells, and Proteins Calculated by a Quantum Equation of Coherence

“…MTs are also considered as bio-electrochemical transistors that form nonlinear electrical transmission lines [63]. Very likely, microtubules facilitate information processing [19] [64] [65] whereas hexagonal benzene/phenyl rings of the MTs share three delocalized pi orbital electrons among six carbon atoms, forming "pi resonance clouds" conducive to quantum effects. Raman spectra of a microtubule and its constituent protein tubulin have shown so-called Fano resonances, which can be attributed to aromatic amino acids and disulfide bonds and are indicative of quantum coupling between discrete phonon vibrational states and continuous excitonic many-body spectra [66].…”

“…The supplied energy coherently excites oscillators with a high electromagnetic quality, microtubule inner cavity, and electrons at molecular orbitals in "semiconduction" and "conduction" bands. It has been proposed to be coherent (the same frequencies, form, and phase) within the specific region: in the cell, in the tissue, and in the whole biological system and has a strongly nonlinear spectral energy transfer as predicted by Fröhlich [19] [67] [68].…”

“…Reimers [5], Chukova [6], Vasconcellos and Luzzi [7], Hameroff [8], Lundholm [9], Ahlberg Gagnér [10], De Ninno and Pregnolato [11], Nardecchia [12], Kadantsev [13], Scully [14], Hough and Hegmann et al [15] [16], Wong [17], Zhedong Zhang [18], Pokorný and Vrba [19] [20], Geesink and Meijer [21] [22], Cui [23] and Khrennikov [24].…”

“…The typical characteristics of microtubules are an example of this statement. Pokorný et al [19] [20] proposed a mechanism for control, information and organization in biological systems, that is based on an internal coherent electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field organizes and controls the motion and transport of molecules and their components, chemical reactions, information processes, communication inside and between cells, and many other activities.…”

“…The supplied energy coherently excites oscillators with a high electrical quality, microtubule inner cavity, and electrons at molecular orbitals and in "semiconduction" and "conduction" bands. The nonlinear properties of microtubules enable electromagnetic activity at lower and higher frequencies in the range from the acoustic to the UV region [19].…”