Electromagnetic Dosimetry for Isolated Mitochondria Exposed to Near‐Infrared Continuous‐Wave Illumination in Photobiomodulation Experiments

Abstract

This paper presents results on the electromagnetic field computed inside isolated mitochondria when they are exposed to near-infrared illuminations with reference to photobiomodulation experiments. The accurate calculation of the electromagnetic dose is considered to be important for a better understanding of the mechanism of interaction of light with these organelles and to improve the reliability and repeatability of the experiments. To get such results, we introduce several models. Even though they refer to a well-defined experimental setup, different models are necessary to take into account the possible different dispositions of the mitochondria, and of the differences in their dimensions and in their constitutive parameters. Different wavelengths and polarizations are considered as well. The effects of all parameters on the electromagnetic field inside mitochondria are discussed. Bioelectromagnetics. 2021;42:384-397.

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“…It is important to emphasise the crucial role of using a power meter prior to the illumination process in order to establish the therapeutic power output reaching the target tissue and taking into consideration the optical properties of the lesion. Thereby, the investigator would obtain precise parameters to record, so that a standardised protocol can be provided [165][166][167][168].…”

Photobiomodulation on isolated mitochondria at 810 nm: first results on the efficiency of the energy conversion process

“…Isolated mitochondria of bovine liver were diluted in a saline solution containing 0.1 M Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), 0.1 M KCl, 5 mM MgCl 2 , 0.2 mM P1,P5-Di(adenosine-5’) pentaphosphate, 0.6 mM ouabain, and 5 mM KH 2 PO 4 26 . The resulting suspension always had a 300 l volume, with just one part out of 64 of mitochondria (80 g of total proteins).…”

“…Recently, new interpretative approaches to photobiomodulation have been proposed, aiming to overcome the classical interpretation in terms of properties of the wave irradiated by the source, to analyze the phenomenon from the standpoint of the electromagnetic field capable of inducing biological reactions 26 and to describe the entire process in terms of the thermodynamic principle of energy transfer 27 .…”

“…In this work we integrate the two approaches mentioned above. In particular, by using the experimental and modelling approach proposed in 26 , we have considered the possibility of calculating, with a controlled degree of uncertainty, the electromagnetic fields stimulating isolated mitochondria during PBM experiments. From the knowledge of the electromagnetic field, it is possible to easily deduce the active power and the total energy absorbed by mitochondria.…”

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“…The first is the variation in the number of mitochondria in a cell and the optical properties of a tissue. 113 Photons could scatter before being absorbed by mitochondrial components, and skin colour and thickness may drastically affect the absorbance, transmittance and reflectance of light. 114 , 115 Second, the probes (fibre and standard hand-piece) have discrete and non-homogeneous light-beam distribution characteristics ( Figure 2(a) ).…”