Electromagnetic field stimulation for treating delayed union or non-union of long bone fractures in adults

Griffin, Xavier L; Costa, Matthew L.; Parsons, Nicholas R.; Smith, Nicholas A.

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008471.pub2

Cited by 73 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Yet another line evidence derives from the documented observation in humans that fracture healing is improved upon the stimulation of the affected bone with pulsed electromagnetic stimulation [92]. Our groups have recently demonstrated that PEMS enhances myogenesis of C2C12 myoblasts [93].…”

Section: Evidence Of Muscle-bone Crosstalkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine Crosstalk Between Muscle and Bone

Brotto

Johnson

2014

Curr Osteoporos Rep

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The musculoskeletal system is a complex organ comprised of the skeletal bones, skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, joints, and other connective tissue that physically and mechanically interact to provide animals and humans with the essential ability of locomotion. This mechanical interaction is undoubtedly essential for much of the diverse shape and forms observed in vertebrates and even in invertebrates with rudimentary musculoskeletal systems such as fish. It makes sense from a historical point of view that the mechanical theories of musculoskeletal development have had tremendous influence of our understanding of biology, because these relationships are clear and palpable. Less visible to the naked eye or even to the microscope is the biochemical interaction among the individual players of the musculoskeletal system. It was only in recent years that we have begun to appreciate that beyond this mechanical coupling of muscle and bones, these 2 tissues function at a higher level through crosstalk signaling mechanisms that are important for the function of the concomitant tissue. Our brief review attempts to present some of the key concepts of these new concepts and is outline to present muscles and bones as secretory/endocrine organs, the evidence for mutual genetic and tissue interactions, pathophysiological examples of crosstalk, and the exciting new directions for this promising field of research aimed at understanding the biochemical/molecular coupling of these 2 intimately associated tissues.

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Section: Evidence Of Muscle-bone Crosstalkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine Crosstalk Between Muscle and Bone

Brotto

Johnson

2014

Curr Osteoporos Rep

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“…An electric field is known to promote bone formation in vitro and in vivo [46][47][48][49]; that is the working theory behind capacitative electric field devices. In 2011, Griffin and colleagues [50] performed a Cochrane database systematic review in which they examined 4 studies involving 125 participants with either delayed union or nonunion of long bones. Those authors concluded that although there might have been some positive effects from treatment with capacitative electric field devices, the current evidence of that benefit is inconclusive and insufficient.…”

Section: Antigravity Treadmillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on stress fractures in female athletes: epidemiology, treatment, and prevention

Chen

Tenforde

Fredericson

2013

Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med

110

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Stress fractures are a common type of overuse injury in athletes. Females have unique risk factors such as the female athlete triad that contribute to stress fracture injuries. We review the current literature on risk factors for stress fractures, including the role of sports participation and nutrition factors. Discussion of the management of stress fractures is focused on radiographic criteria and anatomic location and how these contribute to return to play guidelines. We outline the current recommendations for evaluating and treatment of female athlete triad. Technologies that may aid in recovery from a stress fracture including use of anti-gravity treadmills are discussed. Prevention strategies may include early screening of female athlete triad, promoting early participation in activities that improve bone health, nutritional strategies, gait modification, and orthotics.

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“…The process is a complicated procedure, on both a macroscopic and microscopic level [5]. Because of the precise balance required between anabolic and catabolic phases, delayed unions, mal-unions and non-unions are common, occurring in 5-10% of all long bone fractures [6]. Hernigou et al [7] define a delayed union as a fracture site continuing to sustain clinical and radiological signs of fracture outside of the expected healing time or the absence of signs of progressive repair between the third and sixth months of repair following a fracture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hernigou et al [7] define a delayed union as a fracture site continuing to sustain clinical and radiological signs of fracture outside of the expected healing time or the absence of signs of progressive repair between the third and sixth months of repair following a fracture. Mal-unions are defined as a pathological union of a fracture, usually involving shortening and rotational or angular deformity [1], while non-unions are defined as a lack of union within the expected healing time [6]. Although there is a lack of a standardised definition of these pathologies, they are clinically significant and have an impact on quality of life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating sensing elements on external fixators for healing assessment of fractured femur

Ong

Chiu

Russ

et al. 2016

Struct. Control Health Monit.

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SUMMARYThis paper highlights the potential of integrating SHM concepts into an external fixator with the aim of using it to assess the healing of a fractured femur. A finite element analysis was first performed on the fixated femur to understand the response of the fixated femur in its fractured and healed state. The underlying mechanics will be used to establish a suitable monitoring strategy for assessment of healing. The results will be supported by a series of experiments using a fixated saw-bone femur, which has been cut to simulate fracture. The cut was filled with epoxy, and the curing of this epoxy was used to simulate healing of the fractured region. The findings lead to an actuation and sensing protocol able to determine the state of union of a fixated long bone. This methodology was tested further by using modelling clay to approximate the mass added by soft tissue surrounding the bone. These results illustrate that the integration of SHM and orthopaedic concepts can provide a quantitative measure that can be used in conjunction with existing techniques for the monitoring of the state of healing of the fracture. This represents a significant potential of reducing or eliminating the qualitative healing assessment.

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Electromagnetic field stimulation for treating delayed union or non-union of long bone fractures in adults

Abstract: Sharrard WJ. A double-blind trial of pulsed electromagnetic fields for delayed union of tibial fractures.

Cited by 73 publications

References 19 publications

Endocrine Crosstalk Between Muscle and Bone

Endocrine Crosstalk Between Muscle and Bone

Update on stress fractures in female athletes: epidemiology, treatment, and prevention

Integrating sensing elements on external fixators for healing assessment of fractured femur

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