Electromagnetic Induction Sounding of Sea Ice Thickness

Kovacs, Austin; Diemand, Deborah; Bayer, John

doi:10.21236/ada286884

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…We measured sea ice thickness using an electromagnetic method (an EM-31, see [24] and http://www.geonics.com/em31.html). The EM-31 was calibrated by drilling through the ice and comparing the measured ice thickness with the computed value from the EM-31, then adjusting the formula until the latter agreed with the former.…”

Section: Field Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snow Depth and Ice Thickness Measurements From the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas Collected During the AMSR-Ice03 Campaign

Sturm

Maslanik

Perovich

et al. 2006

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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In March 2003, a field validation campaign was conducted on the sea ice near Barrow, AK. The goal of this campaign was to produce an extensive dataset of sea ice thickness and snow properties (depth and stratigraphy) against which remote sensing products collected by aircraft and satellite could be compared. Chief among these were products from the Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR) flown aboard a NASA P-3B aircraft and the Aqua Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). The data were collected in four field areas: three on the coastal sea ice near Barrow, AK, and the fourth out on the open ice pack 175 km northeast of Barrow. The snow depth ranged from 9.4-20.8 cm in coastal areas (n = 9881 for three areas) with the thinnest snow on ice that had formed late in the winter. Out in the main pack ice, the snow was 20.6 cm deep (n = 1906). The ice in all four areas ranged from 138-219 cm thick (n = 1952), with the lower value again where the ice had formed late in the winter. Snow layer and grain characteristics observed in 118 snow pits indicated that 44% of observed snow layers were depth hoar; 46% were wind slab. Snow and ice measurements were keyed to photomosaics produced from low-altitude vertical aerial photographs. Using these, and a distinctive three-way relationship between ice roughness, snow surface characteristics, and snow depth, strip maps of snow depth, each about 2 km wide, were produced bracketing the traverse lines. These maps contain an unprecedented level of snow depth detail against which to compare remote sensing products. The maps are used in other papers in this special issue to examine the retrieval of snow properties from the PSR and AMSR-E sensors.

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Section: Field Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snow Depth and Ice Thickness Measurements From the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas Collected During the AMSR-Ice03 Campaign

Sturm

Maslanik

Perovich

et al. 2006

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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“…Since the surface-NMR inversion is performed for a two-dimensional (2-D) geometry, we surveyed a portion of the pressure ridge that had a geometry close to 2-D, with level ice on both sides of the ridge. Thickness probing by drilling and EM measurements using an EM31 instrument (Kovacs and others, 1996) along three lines demonstrated the near-2-D geometry of the target (Fig. 7).…”

Section: Field Studymentioning

confidence: 98%

Water content estimates of a first-year sea-ice pressure ridge keel from surface-nuclear magnetic resonance tomography

et al. 2013

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The porosity of a sea-ice pressure ridge keel is an important but poorly known variable, relevant for determining the mass budget and evolution of the Arctic sea-ice cover. Determination of keel porosity from drillholes is time-intensive and only yields limited information because of their limited lateral extent. Since the porosity within a keel equals its liquid water content, surface-nuclear magnetic resonance (surface-NMR) methods can be used to estimate porosity within such features. Surface-NMR tomography measurements were made in April 2011 using seven surface coil positions across a first-year pressure ridge on landfast sea ice near Barrow, Alaska, USA. The inversion results indicate water contents of 30 ± 7% and 40 ±10% in the ridge’s shallow and deep parts, respectively. These values are much higher than those obtained from drillholes, which are ∼10% and ∼27%, respectively. In contrast to drilling, surface-NMR tomography yields average porosity values for the entire subsurface volume. However, the inversion process is sensitive to the electrical conductivity distribution; uncertain conductivity estimates limit the reliability of the inverted water contents. Nevertheless, the results suggest that ridge porosities obtained from invasive measurements such as drilling may lead to substantially overestimated sea-ice volume.

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On the use of electromagnetic induction sounding to determine winter and spring sea ice thickness in the Antarctic

Worby

Griffin

Lytle

et al. 1999

Cold Regions Science and Technology

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Electromagnetic Induction Sounding of Sea Ice Thickness

Abstract: 14 SUBfJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES 16 Conductivity Remote Sensing 16cnest. PRICE COl lilectromagnetic instruments Sea ice 17. SECURITY CLASSIWICATION rIt SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20 LIMITATION OF

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Snow Depth and Ice Thickness Measurements From the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas Collected During the AMSR-Ice03 Campaign

Snow Depth and Ice Thickness Measurements From the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas Collected During the AMSR-Ice03 Campaign

Water content estimates of a first-year sea-ice pressure ridge keel from surface-nuclear magnetic resonance tomography

On the use of electromagnetic induction sounding to determine winter and spring sea ice thickness in the Antarctic

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