Electromagnetic inversion in monostatic ground penetrating radar: TEM horn calibration and application

Abstract

A comprehensive analysis of electromagnetic (EM) inversion applied to pavement profiling by using a monostatic ground penetrating radar (GPR) is presented. Since in GPR systems using transfers EM (TEM) horns, the antenna is positioned close to the the investigated medium and a strong EM interaction occurs. This effect is taken into account by modeling the antenna with equivalent sources placed on the aperture section and by using an accurate EM modeling within the inversion loop in order to account for the contribution of near-field effects. Experimental results on the antenna modeling procedure and on a pavement profile estimation validate the feasibility of both the calibration and the inverse problem proposed. Index Terms-Electromagnetic scattering of inverse problems, electromagnetic scattering by nonhomogeneous media, radar applications.

High-resolution space–time quantification of soil moisture along a hillslope using joint analysis of ground penetrating radar and frequency domain reflectometry data

“…For example, Gentili and Spagnolini (2000) modeled a GPR horn antenna at some distance over a three-dimensional layered medium using an array of frequency independent source dipoles and a feeding line characteristic impedance. However, the interactions between the antenna and medium were not accounted for in this model.…”

Novel integrated system calibration method for impulse ground penetrating radar

“…A group of papers (Hauschild and Knochel, 1998;Mikhnev and Vainikainen, 2003;Nicolaescu et al, 2003) investigated the antenna calibration procedure of the continuous wave radar based on S-parameters. Gentili and Spagnolini proposed a GPR antenna modeling procedure based on electromagnetic (EM) inversion (Gentili and Spagnolini, 2000). Their method depends on the specific type of the antenna under consideration.…”

Near-Field or Far-Field Full-Wave Ground Penetrating Radar Modeling as a Function of the Antenna Height Above a Planar Layered Medium

“…For example, Gentili and Spagnolini [6] modeled a horn antenna at some distance over a three-dimensional (3-D) layered medium using an array of frequency independent source dipoles and a feeding line characteristic impedance. However, the interactions between antenna and medium were not considered in this model.…”