Electromagnetic properties of Carbon-Graphene Xerogel, Graphite and Ni-Zn Ferrite composites in polystyrene matrix in the X-Band (8.2 – 12.4 GHz)

Abstract

The electromagnetic properties of Carbon-Graphene Xerogel (CGX), Flaky graphite (GR) and Nickel-Zinc ferrite (FeNiZn) composites in polystyrene (PS) matrix were studied in the X-Band range (8.2 -12.4 GHz). In this work the Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) waste material was processed into polystyrene through the recycling of EPS. The polystyrene obtained was utilized as dielectric matrix, mainly because PS is a wellknown organic polymer that presents low dielectric loss and light weight, which contribute to applications in composites for the aerospace field. In order to produce the final composite specimens, the CGX additive was previously synthesized through a sustainable method that employed the use of waste from the paper and pulp industry (black liquor). Afterwards, the morphological and structural analysis were made through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Raman Spectrometer, respectively. On the other hand, the magnetic ferrite material, FeNiZn, was obtained for the composite production through calcination, whereas the GR utilized was commercially obtained. It was observed that the increase of CGX and GR influenced on the increase of the Complex Permittivity, and that 10 wt% CGX + 50wt% FeNiZn composite sample demonstrated an absorption peak at 10.5 GHz. The results are relevant concerning the recycling of EPS waste through its use as dielectric matrix, thus developing greener and low-weight composite materials to be used in microwave applications.

Sustainable Carbon Xerogel in the Production of Electromagnetic Radar Absorbing Composites in the Ku-Band

“…Accordingly, the use of a low-cost, sustainable carbon material might represent a promising alternative in the production of new RAMs. Furthermore, few works present the electromagnetic characterization of carbon xerogels 14,28 . Thus, a substantial lack of information concerning such materials in this field is clear.…”

“…Thus, a substantial lack of information concerning such materials in this field is clear. Most works on this topic apply carbon foams as RAM [29][30][31][32] at several frequencies including the X-band (8-12.4 GHz) and the Ka-Band (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40). Additionally, electromagnetic characterization of biosourced materials is also scarce in the frequency range of 12.4-18 (Ku-Band), usually applied to aircraft and aerospace applications, such as radar, high-performance aircraft, and coatings for satellite by preventing electromagnetic interference, among other applications [33][34][35][36][37][38] .…”

Characterization of Dielectric Properties of Graphene and Graphite Using the Resonant Cavity in 5G Test Band

“…The effect of increasing r e constant with the addition of higher concentrations of graphene in the samples was also reported by others authors, considering different frequencies of analysis and matrix materials, but their results indicates the same deportment related in the present work. For instance, Bispo et al [7] produced and characterized the dielectric properties of samples based in a polymeric matrix (polystyrene) with insertion of 10% of Carbon-Graphene Xerogel (CGX). The resulting measured dielectric constant (considering X-band, 8.2 -12.4 GHz) was r e (CGX) = 4.00.…”

Bio-based Carbon Electrochemically Decorated with Cu Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance

“…However, these materials are generally produced from non-renewable resources through multiple steps, thereby increasing their final cost. Therefore, cost-effective carbonaceous materials derived from black liquor have been used for electromagnetic wave absorption 13,14 , as an electrocatalyst support for fuel cells 3 , for adsorption of heavy metals [15][16][17] and antibiotics 15 , in electrical systems 18 , and for energy storage 19 .…”