Electromagnetic rotational actuation.

Abstract

There are many applications that need a meso-scale rotational actuator. These applications have been left by the wayside because of the lack of actuation at this scale. Sandia National Laboratories has many unique fabrication technologies that could be used to create an electromagnetic actuator at this scale. There are also many designs to be explored. In this internship exploration of the designs and fabrications technologies to find an inexpensive design that can be used for prototyping the electromagnetic rotational actuator. 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe author thanks: Paul Galambos for his guidance as the mentor of the project, Keith Ortiz for supervising this project, and Jonathan Coleman with the other contributing members of the metal micromachining team for their contributions to the fabrication.5

Needle size for vaccination procedures in children and adolescents

“…Exposure to painful stimuli in infancy has also been associated with anticipatory fear of future medical procedures, increased sensitivity to pain and heightened responsiveness to painful stimuli, pain avoidance in later life, and negative e ects on healthcare behaviour and attitudes (Johnston 1996;Taddio 1997;Andrews 1999;Porter 1999;Taddio 2002;Young 2005;Taddio 2009a;Kassab 2011). In addition, negative experiences with needle-related procedures, particularly in childhood, can contribute to the development of needle phobias (Hamilton 1995;Wright 2009), which reduce compliance with future immunisation schedules and other preventive healthcare measures (Hogan 2010;Gidudu 2012). Vaccination-related procedural pain is also a source of anxiety and distress for the parents of children undergoing vaccination and the healthcare workers who administer the injections (Schechter 2007;Taddio 2010;Kassab 2011).…”