Electromagnetic transient simulation of lightning overvoltage in a wind farm

Nguyen, Thuan; Pham, Thinh; Tran, Top V.

doi:10.1109/eic.2013.6554208

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Moreover, the capacitance (C b ) of lightning conductor segment is determined by calculating at first the surge impedance (Z Surgeb ) using the following relation [5,[32][33][34]: Hence, the capacitance (C b ) of lightning conductor segment is obtained by:…”

Section: Numerical Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of wind turbine transient overvoltages when struck by lightning: experimental and analytical study

Zalhaf

Abdel‐Salam

Mansour

et al. 2019

IET Renewable Power Generation

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This paper is aimed at presenting a numerical method for calculating the transient overvoltage across a wind turbine (WT) struck by lightning. The resulting overvoltage is determined at different points along the WT body using the proposed numerical method. The lightning strike has been simulated by injecting a current impulse to the tested WT. The equivalent circuits of WT components and the mathematical formulas to evaluate the circuit's parameters are presented. This makes it possible to develop π-equivalent RLC networks representing the WT components to write the nodal equations at each discrete time instant. MATLAB software package is used to solve the nodal equations and determine the transient behaviour of the WT. In the laboratory, a high impulse voltage is applied on a small-scale WT to corroborate the proposed method. The calculated overvoltage temporal variations are in good agreement with those measured at different positions along the WT for various grounding resistance values, demonstrating the validity of the proposed method. Further validation is also made by comparing the present simulation with that using PSCAD/EMTDC software package. The overvoltage values increase with the rise of the grounding resistance value. The obtained results are useful for designing WT lightning protection systems.

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Section: Numerical Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of wind turbine transient overvoltages when struck by lightning: experimental and analytical study

Zalhaf

Abdel‐Salam

Mansour

et al. 2019

IET Renewable Power Generation

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show abstract

“…The impedance, equivalent inductance, and equivalent resistance of the tower can be calculated by to according to previous studies

Z_{t} = 60 ln ((), \frac{\sqrt{2} H}{r_{eq}}),

L_{t} = \frac{μ_{0} H}{2 π} ((), ln \frac{2 H}{r_{eq}} - 1 - \frac{μ}{μ_{0}} ln c),

R_{t} = ρ \frac{H}{S},

where Z t is the surge impedance of the tower, L t is the equivalent inductance of the tower, R t is the equivalent resistance of the tower, μ 0 is the absolute permeability, μ is the relative permeability of media, c is the ratio of the inner and outer radii of the tower, ρ is the resistivity of the tower, and S is the conducting area of the tower.…”

Section: Parameters Of the Calculation Model And System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and suppression measures of lightning transient overvoltage in the signal cable of wind turbines

Yang

Tao

et al. 2017

Wind Energy

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Lightning strikes are a major threat to the secure operation of wind turbines. When lightning strikes a wind turbine, the lightning current flows through the blade and the tower and then the induced overvoltage will damage sensors and signal cables. In this study, a comprehensive transient surge impedance model of a wind turbine was built to analyze the causes of the overvoltage in the signal cable. The model that studies the overvoltage caused by both capacitive coupling and electromagnetic induction included the blade, nacelle, tower, signal cable, power cable, and grounding system using π networks. The influences of the cable shielding layer, soil resistivity, and lightning current waveform on the overvoltage were also analyzed. Then, 2 overvoltage suppression measures, ie, grounding at 2 ends of the outer shielding layer and installation of a surge protective device, were tested. Results show that a signal cable with double shielding layers reduced the overvoltage in the signal cable, and higher soil resistivity resulted in increased voltage on the tower base. In addition, the peak and the front time of the lightning current significantly influenced the overvoltage on the tower and the cable. The effectiveness of the 2 suppression measures was also verified. The calculation results will provide guidance for a reasonable lightning protection design.

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“…Based on this assumption, the effect of grounding interconnection in a group of wind turbines in the Tuy Phong 1 wind farm was analyzed when back flashover from ground occurs from the ground of the low voltage side of the step-up transformer. A circuit model in EMTP/ATP with parameters similar to those described in [7] was used to calculate the surge into the turbine generator from grounding system. A 30 kA of lightning current (1.2/50 μs) is assumed to strike to the wind turbine 1 (WT 1) or WT 101 in [7].…”

Section: Frequency Of Lightning Flashmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A circuit model in EMTP/ATP with parameters similar to those described in [7] was used to calculate the surge into the turbine generator from grounding system. A 30 kA of lightning current (1.2/50 μs) is assumed to strike to the wind turbine 1 (WT 1) or WT 101 in [7]. In case of interconnection of the ground system, the ground of a group of 5 turbines is connected by a 20 mm diameter steel counterpoise.…”

Section: Frequency Of Lightning Flashmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lightning current can flow into the wind turbine generator from a strike to the distribution network (and/or the grid) or a potential rise appears in the ground due to a strike to the blade, which results in a back flow surge from the ground [6,7]. The magnitude of that surge at any given point in a wind farm depends on various factors such as the lightning current, the striking location [7], and/or the topology of the windfarm [2]. As described in Section 2, surge arresters are installed both in the low voltage side of the step-up up transformer and next to the generator in the Tuy Phong 1 wind farm.…”

Section: Back Flow Surgementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Lightning protection for wind turbines in Vietnam

Nguyen

Pham

Tran

et al. 2017

Journal of International Council on Electrical Engineering

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Wind energy has become increasingly important in the total electrical energy supply mix in Vietnam over the last few years. Small, kW turbines were installed in isolated areas a decade ago, while wind farms of several MW to few hundred MW are now being connected directly to national grid, with many additional projects in planning or under construction to fulfill an objective of 6% of the total installed capacity by 2030 (approximately 6200 MW of wind energy component). The increase in wind farm generation results in increased damage from lightning. In this paper, the annual frequency of lightning strikes to wind turbines in Vietnam is calculated using electrogeometric model. Reported lightning incidents to three major wind farms in Vietnam are summarized. Possible causes of failure are discussed, and an EMTP simulation for each incident was performed accordingly. The simulations suggest the failure mechanisms as well the potential of improved grounding to reduce lightning induced damage in future windfarms. Figure 12. Surge voltage at the low voltage side of the step-up transformer.

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Electromagnetic transient simulation of lightning overvoltage in a wind farm

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Assessment of wind turbine transient overvoltages when struck by lightning: experimental and analytical study

Assessment of wind turbine transient overvoltages when struck by lightning: experimental and analytical study

Analysis and suppression measures of lightning transient overvoltage in the signal cable of wind turbines

Lightning protection for wind turbines in Vietnam

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