Electromagnetic Vortex Fields, Spin, and Spin-Orbit Interactions in Electron Vortices

Lloyd, S. M.; Babiker, M.; Yuan, Jun; Kerr-Edwards, C.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.109.254801

Cited by 36 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The spin-orbit interaction arising in the nonrelativistic limit is well understood for electrons with orbital angular momentum bound within atomic orbitals; a similar phenomenon can be described for a vortex propagating in a radially inhomogeneous, but axially invariant field (Leary et al, 2009(Leary et al, , 2008Lloyd et al, 2012b). The source of this coupling is well-known in the case of an external field, however in the case of relativistic electron vortices, an intrinsic spin-orbit interaction is also shown to arise (Bliokh et al, 2011).…”

Section: Intrinsic Spin-orbit Interaction (Soi)mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In addition, due to the helical (solenoid-like) nature of the charged current density distribution, the Bessel vortex beam is characterised by an axial magnetic field component (Lloyd et al, 2012b). The electric field for the Bessel beam of order l is found to be…”

Section: Electromagnetic Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Greenshields et al (2014) explored the conceptual issue of conservation of orbital angular momentum for an electron beam in a uniform colinear magnetic field. They showed that the electric field associated with an electron beam with an extended probability distribution, such as that discussed by Lloyd et al (2012b) for electron Bessel beam, when coupled to the external magnetic field, contribute an angular momentum which precisely ensures the conservation of the canonical orbital angular momentum of the electron beam in a magnetic field.…”

Section: A Parallel Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the fields are functions only of ⇢ (Lloyd et al, 2012b), once again we note that the component gives a vanishing integral and we are left only with the axial component. We have The radial integral can be done numerically using expressions for the fields as functions of ⇢.…”

Section: Electromagnetic Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, an electron vortex also carries electric and magnetic fields E(r) and B(r) by virtue of the finite electric charge and magnetic moment. These fields have been evaluated in Lloyd et al (2012b) for a Bessel electron vortex beam generated under a condition that would be found in an electron microscope. The outlines are as follows.…”

Section: Electromagnetic Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electron vortices: Beams with orbital angular momentum

et al. 2017

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The recent prediction and subsequent creation of electron vortex beams in a number of laboratories occurred after almost 20 years had elapsed since the recognition of the physical significance and potential for applications of the orbital angular momentum carried by optical vortex beams. A rapid growth in interest in electron vortex beams followed, with swift theoretical and experimental developments. Much of the rapid progress can be attributed in part to the clear similarities between electron optics and photonics arising from the functional equivalence between the Helmholtz equations governing the free space propagation of optical beams and the time-independent Schrödinger equation governing freely propagating electron vortex beams. There are, however, key di↵erences in the properties of the two kinds of vortex beams. This review is concerned primarily with the electron type, with specific emphasis on the distinguishing vortex features: notably the spin, electric charge, current and magnetic moment, the spatial distribution as well as the associated electric and magnetic fields. The physical consequences and potential applications of such properties are pointed out and analysed, including nanoparticle manipulation and the mechanisms of orbital angular momentum transfer in the electron vortex interaction with matter.

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Section: Intrinsic Spin-orbit Interaction (Soi)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Electromagnetic Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Parallel Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electromagnetic Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electromagnetic Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electron vortices: Beams with orbital angular momentum

et al. 2017

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Shaping electron beams for the generation of innovative measurements in the (S)TEM

Verbeeck

Guzzinati

Clark

et al. 2014

Comptes Rendus. Physique

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In TEM, a typical goal consists of making a small electron probe in the sample plane in order to obtain high spatial resolution in scanning transmission electron microscopy. In order to do so, the phase of the electron wave is corrected to resemble a spherical wave compensating for aberrations in the magnetic lenses. In this contribution we discuss the advantage of changing the phase of an electron wave in a specific way in order to obtain fundamentally different electron probes opening up new application in the (S)TEM. We focus on electron vortex states as a specific family of waves with an azimuthal phase signature and discuss their properties, production and applications. The concepts presented here are rather general and also different classes of probes can be obtained in a similar fashion showing that electron probes can be tuned to optimise a specific measurement or interaction.

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