Electromagnetically induced transparency in ladder-type inhomogeneously broadened media: Theory and experiment

Gea‐Banacloche, Julio; Li, Yongqing; Jin, S.; Xiao, Min

doi:10.1103/physreva.51.576

Cited by 656 publications

(528 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The complex susceptibility of the system at the probe frequency is obtained by comparing the polarization obtained from classical electrodynamics with that calculated using a density matrix treatment [13,14]. The expression of the complex susceptibility is then given by [20] …”

Section: B the Complex Susceptibility Of The Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To obtain the velocity-dependent complex susceptibility, we make changes to p , c , and N with the following substitutions [14]:…”

Section: Effect Of Doppler Broadeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twophoton excited state spectroscopy can be achieved without significant transfer of population out of the ground state using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) [13] in the ladder configuration [14]. In conventional EIT, the excited state transition is driven by a strong coupling laser creating a transparency window which is then detected using a weak probe on the ground state transition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subnatural linewidths in two-photon excited-state spectroscopy

et al. 2012

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Publisher's copyright statement:Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. We investigate, theoretically and experimentally, absorption on an excited-state atomic transition in a thermal vapor where the lower state is coherently pumped. We find that the transition linewidth can be subnatural, that is, less than the combined linewidth of the lower and upper state. For the specific case of the 6P 3/2 → 7S 1/2 transition in room temperature cesium vapor, we measure a minimum linewidth of 6.6 MHz compared with the natural width of 8.5 MHz. Using perturbation techniques, an expression for the complex susceptibility is obtained which provides excellent agreement with the measured spectra.

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Section: B the Complex Susceptibility Of The Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To obtain the velocity-dependent complex susceptibility, we make changes to p , c , and N with the following substitutions [14]:…”

Section: Effect Of Doppler Broadeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subnatural linewidths in two-photon excited-state spectroscopy

et al. 2012

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“…A common EIT configuration [29,30] is the ladder-type system investigated here. We probe the absorption on the 5s-5p transition of 87 Rb, with the 5p state strongly coupled with a resonant laser to a highly excited nd or ns Rydberg state, as is depicted in Fig.…”

Section: Electromagnetically Induced Transparencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially resolved excitation of Rydberg atoms and surface effects on an atom chip

et al. 2010

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General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. We demonstrate spatially resolved, coherent excitation of Rydberg atoms on an atom chip. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is used to investigate the properties of the Rydberg atoms near the gold-coated chip surface. We measure distance-dependent shifts (∼10 MHz) of the Rydberg energy levels caused by a spatially inhomogeneous electric field. The measured field strength and distance dependence is in agreement with a simple model for the electric field produced by a localized patch of Rb adsorbates deposited on the chip surface during experiments. The EIT resonances remain narrow (<4 MHz) and the observed widths are independent of atom-surface distance down to ∼20 µm, indicating relatively long lifetime of the Rydberg states. Our results open the way to studies of dipolar physics, collective excitations, quantum metrology, and quantum information processing involving interacting Rydberg excited atoms on atom chips.

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“…Doppler broadening is accounted for by averaging the complex susceptibility over a Maxwell distribution of velocities such that the root-mean-square atomic velocity is 2kT /m for m the mass of Rubidium, k Boltzmann's constant and T the temperature in Kelvin [17]. For the D1 line of 87 Rb, two-photon transitions are completely Doppler-free because the three driving fields drive ap- proximately equal transition frequencies: ω p ≈ ω c ≈ ω s .…”

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confidence: 99%

Double-double electromagnetically induced transparency with amplification

Alotaibi

Sanders

2014

Phys. Rev. A

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We show that an alkali atom with a tripod electronic structure can yield rich electromagnetically induced transparency phenomena even at room temperature. In particular we introduce doubledouble electromagnetically induced transparency wherein signal and probe fields each have two transparency windows. Their group velocities can be matched in either the first or second pair of transparency windows. Moreover signal and probe fields can each experience coherent gain in the second transparency windows. We explain using a semi-classical-dressed-picture to connect the tripod electronic structure to a double-Λ scheme.PACS numbers: 42.50. Gy, 42.50.Ex Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) exploits interfering electronic transitions in a medium to eliminate absorption and dramatically modify dispersion over a narrow frequency band with applications including slow light, reduced self-focusing and defocusing [1], and quantum memory [2]. Microscopically, a threelevel Λ electronic structure suffices to explain EIT. Double EIT (DEIT) extends EIT to creating two simultaneous transparency windows, one for a "signal" and the other for a "probe" field, with the aid of a third "coupling" field [3][4][5][6][7]. DEIT is valuable for coherent control and enabling long-lived nonlinear interactions between weak fields, which could enable deterministic all-optical two-qubit gates for quantum computing.Whereas the Λ scheme suffices to explain EIT, DEIT requires at least four levels. The tripod (⋔) scheme [3], which has one upper and three lower levels as shown in Fig 1(a), is one such four-level scheme. This scheme can be reframed in the semi-classical-dressed-picture [8,9] shown in Fig. 1(b), which has two lower (|1 and |3 ) and two upper (|± ) levels after eliminating the strong coupling (c) field.This semi-classical-dressed model of the ⋔ scheme corresponds effectively to a double Λ system, and double Λ schemes have been studied experimentally [10]. With our semi-classical-dressed analogy, we show that this ⋔ electronic structure exhibits rich hitherto-unnoticed EIT phenomena, namely what we now call double DEIT (DDEIT). Our DDEIT phenomenon has the property that both the signal and the probe fields can each have two EIT windows given the right parameter choices.One particular aspect of our system, namely the second EIT window for the probe, has been predicted [11] and observed experimentally [7,12], but this previously observed effect corresponds only to one aspect of our system, namely a double window for the probe and not to our full DDEIT for both signal and probe fields. Moreover, these new second EIT windows for each of the sig- nal and probe fields exhibit coherent gain, which has not previously been expected. We now reprise the dynamics of the driven ⋔ atom [3]. For ≡ 1 andσ ı := |ı |, the free Hamiltonian isĤ 0 = 4 ı=1 ω ı σ ıı . For ω ı := ω ı − ω  , the ⋔ atom is driven by a probe field with frequency ω p = ω 41 − δ p , a coupling field with frequency ω c = ω 42 − δ c , and a signal field with frequency ω s...

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Electromagnetically induced transparency in ladder-type inhomogeneously broadened media: Theory and experiment

Cited by 656 publications

References 23 publications

Subnatural linewidths in two-photon excited-state spectroscopy

Subnatural linewidths in two-photon excited-state spectroscopy

Spatially resolved excitation of Rydberg atoms and surface effects on an atom chip

Double-double electromagnetically induced transparency with amplification

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