Electromechanical characterisation of dielectric elastomer planar actuators: comparative evaluation of different electrode materials and different counterloads

Carpi, Federico; Chiarelli, Piero; Mazzoldi, Alberto; Rossi, Danilo Emilio De

doi:10.1016/s0924-4247(03)00257-7

Cited by 246 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…By virtue of the excellent properties such as large strain, fast response, lightweight, reliability, high energy density, and high electromechanical coupling efficiency, DEAs find applications in artificial muscles, sensors, micro air vehicles, flat-panel speakers, micro-robotics, and responsive prosthetics [4][5][6][7][8]. A key limitation for the practical application of DEAs is the requirement of high electric field (>100 kV/mm) to drive them [9][10][11], which could be harmful to humans and can damage equipment, particularly in biological and medical fields [12]. Therefore, getting a large actuated strain at a low electric field is the biggest challenge for DEAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, a key issue is to increase the k of DEs, while retaining other excellent properties such as low dielectric loss, low modulus (Y), and good flexibility. One common method to obtain a DE with high k is to introduce high-k ceramics such as TiO 2 into the elastomer matrix [10,[15][16][17]. Usually, a high content (up to 50 vol%) of ceramics is required to obtain high k, leading to low flexibility and poor processability, and thus largely limiting the wide application of DEs [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most cases, GO was reduced via chemical reduction using hydrazine hydrate [35], Vitamin C [36], etc., leading to a high reduction degree, and thus a good electric conductivity of the composites. Thus, chemical reduction of GO can result in a high dielectric loss of the composites because of the large DC conductance [10]. In recent years, some studies reported that in situ thermal reduction of graphene oxide nanosheets (GONSs) at a moderate temperature (180-200°C) within a polymer is a simple and effective technique for the moderate reduction of graphitic structure [26,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Simultaneously improved actuated performance and mechanical strength of silicone elastomer by reduced graphene oxide encapsulated silicon dioxide

Ning

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2015

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials

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Herein, graphene oxide (GO)-encapsulated silica (SiO 2 ) hybrids (GO@SiO 2 ) were prepared via electrostatic self-assembly of the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS)-modified SiO 2 and GO. The as-prepared GO@SiO 2 was introduced into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer to simultaneously increase the dielectric constant (k) and mechanical properties of PDMS. Then, the in situ thermal reduction of GO@SiO 2 / PDMS composites was conducted at 180°C for 2 h to increase the interfacial polarizability of GO@SiO 2 . As a result, the values of k at 1000 Hz are largely improved from 3.2 for PDMS to 13.3 for the reduced GO@SiO 2 (RGO@SiO 2 )/PDMS elastomer. Meanwhile, the dielectric loss of the composites remains low (<0.2 at 1000 Hz). More importantly, the actuated strain at low electric field (5 kV/mm) obviously increases from 0.3% for pure PDMS to 2.59% for the composites with 60 phr of RGO@SiO 2 , an eightfold increase in the actuated strain. In addition, both the tensile strength and elastic modulus are obviously improved by adding 60 phr of RGO@SiO 2 , indicating a good reinforcing effect of RGO@SiO 2 on PDMS. Our goal is to develop a simple and effective way to improve the actuated performance and mechanical strength of the PDMS dielectric elastomer for its wider application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneously improved actuated performance and mechanical strength of silicone elastomer by reduced graphene oxide encapsulated silicon dioxide

Ning

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2015

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials

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“…For this reason, in order to evaluate their actual limits and potentialities, some experiments have been carried out with a commercial EAP (the 3M acrylic elastomer VHBTM 4910). It is one of the most studied EAP and its electrostrictive behaviour is by now widely known [6]- [10]. The material is a clear and colourless film, with a dielectric constant of 4.7 in the un-stretched state.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monodirectional Positioning Using Dielectric Elastomers

Pagano¹,

Malosio²,

Fassi³

2010

IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology

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Abstract.The rationales for the use of microsystems are numerous, including the reduction of consumables, a faster response time, the enhanced portability, the higher resolution, and the higher efficiency; moreover their application sectors are numerous. Nevertheless microproducts have still great difficulty in penetrating the market, mainly due to the limits of the fabrication processes. The hybrid approach is suitable for the fabrication of three dimensional microscopic structures but often requires manual contributions, which are time consuming and expensive. In order to overcome these issues, new materials and new techniques for the manipulation of microcomponents, based on innovative principles, have been conceived and have to be further developed. In this paper polymeric smart materials, namely electroactive polymers, have been theoretically and experimentally investigated towards their implementation in the actuation and sensing of positioning and handling devices. The feasibility of a monodirectional positioner has been studied.

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“…12,13 To address such issues and reveal the electromechanical behaviors of DEs, a number of theoretical or experimental investigations were reported in recent years. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] The existing investigations mostly relate to the time-independent elastic behaviors of the DEs. However, most DEs are rubber-like materials and they often involve in time-dependent, dissipative processes, such as conductive relaxation, dielectric relaxation and viscoelastic relaxation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the viscoelastic behaviors of a circular dielectric elastomer membrane undergoing large deformation

Wang

2016

AIP Advances

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To explore the time-dependent dissipative behaviors of a circular dielectric elastomer membrane subject to force and voltage, a viscoelastic model is formulated based on the nonlinear theory for dissipative dielectrics. The circular membrane is attached centrally to a light rigid disk and then connected to a fixed rigid ring. When subject to force and voltage, the membrane deforms into an out-of plane shape, undergoing large deformation. The governing equations to describe the large deformation are derived by using energy variational principle while the viscoelasticity of the membrane is describe by a two-unit spring-dashpot model. The evolutions of the considered variables and the deformed shape are illustrated graphically. In calculation, the effects of the voltage and the pre-stretch on the electromechanical behaviors of the membrane are examined and the results show that they significantly influence the electromechanical behaviors of the membrane. It is expected that the present model may provide some guidelines in the design and application of such dielectric elastomer transducers.

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Electromechanical characterisation of dielectric elastomer planar actuators: comparative evaluation of different electrode materials and different counterloads

Cited by 246 publications

References 9 publications

Simultaneously improved actuated performance and mechanical strength of silicone elastomer by reduced graphene oxide encapsulated silicon dioxide

Simultaneously improved actuated performance and mechanical strength of silicone elastomer by reduced graphene oxide encapsulated silicon dioxide

Monodirectional Positioning Using Dielectric Elastomers

Investigation on the viscoelastic behaviors of a circular dielectric elastomer membrane undergoing large deformation

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