Electromechanical properties study of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride/cellulosic gel blended with polydiphenylamine

Soft poly(2-chloroaniline)/pectin hydrogel and its electromechanical properties

“…The interaction between the induced dipole moments reduces the free chain movements and enhances the chain rigidity under applied electric field strength; this is known as the electrostriction where the electrostatic interaction between the induced dipole moments occurs between pectin molecules leading to the intermolecular interaction or electrostriction, similar to an electrical network. 5,14 In comparison with other EAPs as shown in Table 1, the uncrosslinked high-gel-strength gelatin exhibited the storage modulus sensitivity of 2.30, 14 the 1%v/v HSA þ 0.015%v/v CaCl 2 and 1%v/v HSA þ 0.50%v/v citric acid exhibited the storage modulus sensitivity values of 7.48 and 5.50, respectively. The pectin hydrogels crosslinked with 0.994%v/v and 2.485%v/v FeCl 2 possess the higher sensitivity values of 8.61 and 8.21, respectively.…”

“…3 Other biopolymers and conductive polymer/biopolymer blends have been developed as actuating materials or for controlled drug release: poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/alginate gel 4 and polydiphenylamine/cellulosic gel. 5 Pectin is an anionic polysaccharide like hyaluronic acid and alginate. Pectin is known as a naturally occurring biopolymer that is finding increasing applications in the biotechnology, because of its excellent biocompatability and good gelling properties.…”

“…3 Other biopolymers and conductive polymer/biopolymer blends have been developed as actuating materials or for controlled drug release: poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/alginate gel 4 and polydiphenylamine/cellulosic gel. 5…”

Novel multi-responsive polymer materials: When ionic liquids step in

“…The ionic polarization of the ILs and the mobility of the ion pairs provide electrochemical characteristics to the MRPMs [46]. That is an important aspect in fabricating…”

“…PMMA ionogels showed better thermal stability, relatively high ionic conductivity, and less leaching even under extended soaking in aqueous media. Kunchornsup and coworkers investigated the electromechanical properties of BMIM ＋ Cl -IL/cellulosic gel blending with a conductive polymer, polydiphenylamine (PDPA), at various doping levels and concentrations for actuationapplications[46]. The results suggest that the undoped PDPA is a potential conductive polymer candidate for producing tailor-made electromechanical responses at optimal %v/v in the categories of ionic gels and dielectric elastomers.…”