Electromigration tests for critical stress and failure mechanism evaluation in Cu/W via/Al hybrid interconnect

Investigation of degradation mechanisms of a high-temperature polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel cell stack by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

“…The amount of Pt loading was set to 0.9 mg Pt cm À2 for the anode and 1.7 mg Pt cm À2 for the cathode, respectively. Then, a sheet of membrane, a film of polybenzoxazine (pBOA)-pBI co-polymer, doped in 85 wt% phosphoric acid solution was sandwiched between the anode and cathode GDEs [13]. The size of the active area was 120 cm 2 , and graphite-based composite bipolar plates (w/phenolic resins), which have multi-serpentine channels, and 500-mm-thick FKM gaskets, which are placed around the circumference of the active area on both sides of an MEA, were used to build a six-cell assembly of MEAs and bipolar plates.…”