Electromyographic activity in the cross‐reinnervated soleus muscle of unrestrained cats.

Luff, A. R.; Webb, Sandra N.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1985.sp015756

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…We hypothesise, on the results of both the present study and an investigation into the localisation of the motorneurones innervating these muscles, that this combination of phasic and tonic activity in both muscles is effected by outgrowing axons from the cut sciatic nerve, aselectively reinnervating these muscles. These results are supported by results of Luff and Webb (1985) in cats. These authors cross-innervated the soleus muscle with the nerve which normally innervates the extensor digitorurn longus muscle and observed a large variation in EMG patterns.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Sciatic nerve transection in adult and young rats: abnormal EMG patterns during locomotion

Gramsbergen

Eykern

Meek

2001

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Transections of peripheral nerves usually lead to serious handicaps. In order to enhance insights into the poor functional recovery, we studied the effects of a unilateral sciatic nerve lesion in adult and young rats. Electromyographic (EMG) patterns of the tibialis anterior (a hindlimb flexor) and the gastrocnemius muscle (a hindlimb extensor) during walking were recorded after transecting the sciatic nerve at adult age and at the 10th postnatal day. After recovery periods lasting up to 21 weeks, EMG patterns in the hindleg muscles during locomotion were highly abnormal, irrespective of the age at lesioning. Electromyographic bursts were markedly irregular and, generally, coactivation of these antagonists was observed during walking. Other evidence has shown that after peripheral nerve transection, nerves randomly reinnervate their target muscles and we conclude that the patterns of muscle activity may be associated with the properties of foreign, as well as genuine, motor nerves. Behaviourally, walking patterns after a transection at adult age are markedly abnormal but, after transection at the 10th day, locomotion is much less disturbed. The finding of a discrepancy between a near normal walking pattern in rats operated on at a young age and severely disturbed EMG activity may be due to subtle readjustments in the force recruitment in the respective muscles, despite a random reinnervation by the sciatic nerve branches. These compensatory readjustments are particularly prominent after transection at an early age.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Sciatic nerve transection in adult and young rats: abnormal EMG patterns during locomotion

Gramsbergen

Eykern

Meek

2001

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…Others have reported similar findings in different experimental models [Gordon et al, 1980;Luff and Webb, 1985;Carrier et al, 1997] but not after more subtle insults involving smaller numbers of muscles [Pearson et al, 1999;Misiaszek and Pearson, 2002]. It seems likely that given the large scale of the target denervation found following sciatic nerve transections, compensatory strategies that restore normal level and upslope stepping are simply not possible.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Effect of Axon Misdirection on Recovery of Electromyographic Activity and Kinematics after Peripheral Nerve Injury

Sabatier¹,

To²,

Nicolini³

et al. 2011

Cells Tissues Organs

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In this study, patterns of activity in the soleus (Sol) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles and hindlimb kinematics were evaluated during slope walking in rats after transection and surgical repair either of the entire sciatic nerve (Sci group) or of its two branches separately, the tibial and common fibular nerves (T/CF group). With the latter method, axons from the tibial and common fibular nerves could not reinnervate targets of the other nerve branch after injury, reducing the opportunity for misdirection. Activity in the TA shifted from the swing phase in intact rats to nearly the entire step cycle in both injured groups. Since these changes occur without misdirection of regenerating axons, they are interpreted as centrally generated. Sol activity was changed from reciprocal to that of TA in intact rats to coactivate with TA, but only in the Sci group rats. In the T/CF group rats, Sol activity was not altered from that observed in intact rats. Despite effects of injury that limited foot movements, hindlimb kinematics were conserved during downslope walking in both injury groups and during level walking in the T/CF group. During level walking in the Sci group and during upslope walking in both groups of injured rats, the ability to compensate for the effects of the nerve injury was less effective and resulted in longer limb lengths held at more acute angles throughout the step cycle. Changes in limb movements occur irrespective of axon misdirection and reflect compensatory changes in the outputs of the neural circuits that drive locomotion.

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“…Functional reorganization of hindlimb movements after cross-reinnervation has been described in the monkey (Sperry, 1947). Results on rats and cats operated on in a similar manner were negative or unclear (Sperry, 1940;Luff and Webb, 1985;Gordon et al, 1986). In terms of movement patterns, the functional modification in lower mammals was reflected by incomplete movement reversal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Altered Electromyographic Activity Pattern of Rat Soleus Muscle Transposed into the Bed of Antagonist Muscle

Sławińska

Kasicki

2002

J. Neurosci.

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Human patients suffering from motor paralysis of the leg can learn, to some extent, how to use the transposed antagonistic muscle in place of the damaged or ineffective muscle. Experiments on animals showed opposite results, although in a few experiments the functional reorganization of the activity of the transposed muscle was not excluded. In our experiments, we performed transposition of the soleus (Sol) with a preserved innervation into the bed of the removed extensor digitorum longus (EDL) in 6-d-old pups and 3-month-old rats. The locomotor and reflex EMG activity of the transposed Sol (trSol) was recorded in chronic experiments 3-4 months later. Our results showed that the EMG activity of the Sol might be modified when the muscle is transposed into the bed of the antagonistic muscle EDL. The modification consisted of an additional burst of activity during the swing phase and of reflex response of the muscle to the plantar flexion. This modification was present in all animals operated on at 6 d of age and in two of six adults. After chronic experiments, we excluded the possibility that the flexor-like activity was induced by additional innervation of the trSol by the cut end of the EDL nerve. We suggest that the observed modifications of activity of trSol might be caused by readjustment of the spinal network organization to the new functional demands. Two factors might be responsible for this readjustment: the immaturity of the nervous system at the moment of surgery and preserved afferent innervation of the transposed muscle.

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Electromyographic activity in the cross‐reinnervated soleus muscle of unrestrained cats.

Cited by 21 publications

References 17 publications

Sciatic nerve transection in adult and young rats: abnormal EMG patterns during locomotion

Sciatic nerve transection in adult and young rats: abnormal EMG patterns during locomotion

Effect of Axon Misdirection on Recovery of Electromyographic Activity and Kinematics after Peripheral Nerve Injury

Altered Electromyographic Activity Pattern of Rat Soleus Muscle Transposed into the Bed of Antagonist Muscle

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