Electromyographic analysis of the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle and anterior belly of the digastric muscle in tongue and head movements

Sternohyoid muscle syndrome

“…The diagnosis of a sternohyoid syndrome is through symptoms and history taking. The patients have dysphagia or a palpable mass during swallowing, the same as with omohyoid syndrome [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Yet, reviewing the literature, omohyoid syndrome typically shows multiple symptoms.…”

“…When the patients describe a lateral neck mass on swallowing which disappears after swallowing, the problem is more complicated and is usually diagnosed as an omohyoid muscle syndrome. A review of English language articles showed that omohyoid syndrome is commonly listed in a differential diagnosis for lateral neck mass [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. The mechanism and pathophysiology of this syndrome are unknown, and the action of the omohyoid muscle is variable.…”

“…The mechanism and pathophysiology of this syndrome are unknown, and the action of the omohyoid muscle is variable. Some authors say it depresses the hyoid bone and others say it has an association with phonation and swallowing [7]. It must certainly relax when the hyoid bone has an upward movement and contract when it moves downward.…”

Pseudodysphagia Due to Omohyoid Muscle Syndrome

“…Vanneuville et al [8] describes OH as likely a vestige and the needle EMG findings of the inferior belly with nearly constant activity may be opposed to the superior belly with intermittent activity. Castro et al [9] reported that the strongest activity of the superior belly of the OH was observed in the placement of the tip of the tongue on the soft palate, coincidentally with a greater dislocation of hyoid bone. Others have shown with EMG that OH is activated during depression of the mandible and head rotation [10], and that fibrosis and contracture of a unilateral OH has been found to cause torticollis [11,12].…”

Effects of transcutaneous electrical nervous stimulation on electromyographic and kinesiographic activity of patients with temporomandibular disorders: A placebo-controlled study

“…Electrodes were positioned on the left and right masseter muscles (LMM, RMM) and the left and right anterior temporal muscles (LTA, RTA), as described by Castroflorio et al (2005a,b), as well as on the left and right anterior digastric muscles (RDA, LDA) (Castro et al, 1999) and the left and right sternocleidomastoid muscle (LSC, RSC) (Falla et al, 2002a,b), bilaterally parallel to the muscular fibers and for sternocleidomastoid muscle over the lower portion of the muscle according to Falla et al (2002b) to avoid innervations point. A template was used to enable the electrodes to be re-positioned in the same position upon being repeated or if an electrode had to be removed because of a malfunction.…”