Electron and proton conducting polymers: recent developments and prospects

Inzelt, György; Pinéri, M.; Schultze, J.W.; Воротынцев, М. А.

doi:10.1016/s0013-4686(00)00329-7

Cited by 721 publications

(383 citation statements)

References 269 publications

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“…However, very high cost, loss of proton conductivity at temperatures Ͼ 80°C, and high methanol crossover (in direct methanol fuel cells) of the perfluorinated polymer membranes impede their commercial development. 1,2 Therefore, alternative and more economical nonperfluorinated polymer PEM materials for higher temperature applications are being investigated. Sulfonated derivatives of aromatic polymers, 3 such as poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK), 1,4 -11 poly(ether sulfone) (PES), 12,13 polyimide (PI), 14 -16 and poly(benzimidazole) (PBI), 17 have been widely investigated for use as PEM materials because of their excellent chemical stability, high thermo-oxidative stability, good mechanical properties, and lower cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone)s containing naphthalene moieties obtained by direct copolymerization as novel polymers for proton exchange membranes

Xing

Robertson²,

Guiver³

et al. 2004

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

138

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A series of sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone)s (SPAEKs) were prepared by aromatic nucleophilic polycondensation of 2,6-dihydroxynaphthalene with 5,5Ј-carbonyl-bis(2-fluorobenzenesulfonate) and 4,4Ј-difluorobenzophenone. The structure and degree of sulfonation (DS) of the SPAEKs were characterized using 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The experimentally observed DS values were close to the expected values derived from the starting material ratios. The thermal stabilities of the SPAEKs were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, which showed that in acid and sodium salt forms they were thermally stable in air up to about 240 and 380°C, respectively. Transparent membranes cast from the directly polymerized SPAEKs exhibited good mechanical properties in both dry and hydrated states. The dependence of water uptake and of membrane swelling on the DS at different temperatures was studied. SPAEK membranes with a DS from 0.72 to 1.60 maintained adequate mechanical properties after immersion in water at 80°C for 24 h. The proton conductivity of SPAEK membranes with different degrees of sulfonation was measured as a function of temperature. The proton conductivity of the SPAEK films increased with increased DS, and the highest room temperature conductivity (4.2 ϫ 10 Ϫ2 S/cm) was recorded for a SPAEK membrane with a DS of 1.60, which further increased to 1.1 ϫ 10 Ϫ1 S/cm at 80°C.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone)s containing naphthalene moieties obtained by direct copolymerization as novel polymers for proton exchange membranes

Xing

Robertson²,

Guiver³

et al. 2004

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

138

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“…The reaction kinematics may be expressed as [30] The conductivity arises from electron transfer along the conjugated π-molecular backbone coupled with the motion of the charge carriers after exposure to ethanol vapour. On oxidation, an electron is removed from the π system producing a cation which constitutes a polaron when associated with the local distortion.…”

Section: Chemicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ppy-Cholic Acid Composite for Ethanol Sensing Through Impedance Spectroscopy Measurement

Sharma¹

2017

IJRET

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“…So, the polymer is converted into an electronic conductor [25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Nevertheless, the conductivity of conducting polymers is very complex and also dependent on preparation and doping [4,[32][33][34][35][36]. Doping of the polymers can be done electrochemically or via photodoping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial muscles based on conducting polymers

Cortés

Moreno

2003

E-Polymers

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Natural muscles have mechanical properties that conventional actuators do not possess. These natural machines show large strain, moderate stress, high efficiency and stability, fast response time, high power/weight ratio, long lifetime, etc. In the last years a great interest has arisen to develop materials that mimic natural mechanisms. Conducting polymers have an array of potential applications as artificial muscles since they are capable to produce a moderate displacement when submitted to an electrochemical reaction. This property has been used to fabricate actuator devices that imitate and even improve the performance of natural muscles. For example, conducting polymers show stresses 15 times higher than those generated by mammalian muscles, a high power/weight ratio and a high degree of compliance. However, there are also several responses that need improvement in the actuators based on conducting polymers. Strains are still c. 50% lower than in natural muscles. Most of this kind of actuators only work in liquid media. It is necessary to increase the response time and obtain more durable actuators with longer lifetime and higher stability. In spite of these disadvantages, the first actuators based on conducting polymers are being commercialized. This paper presents a brief summary of some of the actuators based on these polymers, focusing on their design, performance and actuation mechanism.

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Electron and proton conducting polymers: recent developments and prospects

Cited by 721 publications

References 269 publications

Sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone)s containing naphthalene moieties obtained by direct copolymerization as novel polymers for proton exchange membranes

Sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone)s containing naphthalene moieties obtained by direct copolymerization as novel polymers for proton exchange membranes

Ppy-Cholic Acid Composite for Ethanol Sensing Through Impedance Spectroscopy Measurement

Artificial muscles based on conducting polymers

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