Electron attachment in seeded air for hypervelocity MHD accelerator propulsion wind tunnel applications

Electrical conductivity channel for a shock tube

“…The measured conductivity ranged from 75-85% of theoretical values at higher temperatures to 2-3 times theoretical values at lower temperatures. Thus, the phenomenon of electron attachment by positive oxygen ions postulated by Simmons et al [21] appears to have some degree of validity.…”

Radiatively Driven Hypersonic Wind Tunnel (RDHWT) Program Magnetohydrodynamic Accelerator Research Into Advanced Hypersonics (MARIAH II)

“…(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) and (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23), account is also taken of electric-field-induced ionization, which may turn out to be substantial in those regions where the field is strong and the gas is rarefied. For the field-induced ionization, the conventional local Townsend approximation α α 8-22) and (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23).…”

“…The boundary conditions at the electrode surface of the cathode are: (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26) where γ is the effective coefficient of secondary emission and at the anode:…”