Electron beam induced fine virtual electrode for mechanical strain microscopy of living cell

Hoshino, Takayuki; Miyazako, Hiroki; Nakayama, A.; Wagatsuma, Akira; Mabuchi, Kunihiko

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2016.06.023

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A range of techniques have been explored to create defined microstructures on electrode surfaces, including laser ablation, focused ion beam, sputter etching, reactive ion etching, deep reactive ion etching, hot embossing, and electron beam lithography . Complementary to these techniques, imprint lithography is an especially attractive approach due to its simplicity, nondestructive character, and feasibility of patterning large areas with features down to 10 nm using elevated temperature and/or pressure processes to transfer a pattern into typically thermoplastic materials .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuated Glial Reactivity on Topographically Functionalized Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene):P‐Toluene Sulfonate (PEDOT:PTS) Neuroelectrodes Fabricated by Microimprint Lithography

Vallejo-Giraldo

Krukiewicz

Calaresu

et al. 2018

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Following implantation, neuroelectrode functionality is susceptible to deterioration via reactive host cell response and glial scar-induced encapsulation. Within the neuroengineering community, there is a consensus that the induction of selective adhesion and regulated cellular interaction at the tissue-electrode interface can significantly enhance device interfacing and functionality in vivo. In particular, topographical modification holds promise for the development of functionalized neural interfaces to mediate initial cell adhesion and the subsequent evolution of gliosis, minimizing the onset of a proinflammatory glial phenotype, to provide long-term stability. Herein, a low-temperature microimprint-lithography technique for the development of micro-topographically functionalized neuroelectrode interfaces in electrodeposited poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):p-toluene sulfonate (PEDOT:PTS) is described and assessed in vitro. Platinum (Pt) microelectrodes are subjected to electrodeposition of a PEDOT:PTS microcoating, which is subsequently topographically functionalized with an ordered array of micropits, inducing a significant reduction in electrode electrical impedance and an increase in charge storage capacity. Furthermore, topographically functionalized electrodes reduce the adhesion of reactive astrocytes in vitro, evident from morphological changes in cell area, focal adhesion formation, and the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokine factors. This study contributes to the understanding of gliosis in complex primary mixed cell cultures, and describes the role of micro-topographically modified neural interfaces in the development of stable microelectrode interfaces.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuated Glial Reactivity on Topographically Functionalized Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene):P‐Toluene Sulfonate (PEDOT:PTS) Neuroelectrodes Fabricated by Microimprint Lithography

Vallejo-Giraldo

Krukiewicz

Calaresu

et al. 2018

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“…However, previous simulation results showed that the temperature rise was only 3 K for 1 s irradiation of the EB with the beam current of 4 nA, [ 24 ] and the temperature rise was estimated as only being up to 1 K from an experimental irradiation of thermo‐responsive fluorescent dye solution. [ 25 ] Moreover, the calculated temperature gradient was not so big (≈ 0.01 K μm −1 ), [ 25 ] and the thermal Marangoni effects would not cause the membrane flow. Therefore, the main factor of the membrane flow would be the electric field of the VC according to the experimental results and the physical model in this study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lateral size of the VC was about 120 nm, which was estimated from the previous experiment of the line‐and‐space pattern of 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene. [ 25 ] In general, the electric field of the VC is shielded by cations in electrolyte solutions and the electric current flows toward the VC. However, if the VC is formed under an SLB as shown in Figure 2b, the electric field is not perfectly shielded because the length of the hydration layer h is about 1 nm [ 31 ] and the Debye length λ D is about 3 nm [ 32 ] in an aqueous 10 mM NaCl solution.…”

Section: Physical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Basic electrostatic and electrokinetic phenomena around the EB‐induced VC have been investigated in previous studies. [ 24,25 ] And the VC technique was applied to several biomanipulations: for example, traction force cytometry, [ 25 ] in situ electroporation, [ 26 ] electrochemical microscopy, [ 27,28 ] and switching of motor proteins. [ 29 ] It is expected that the EB‐induced VC generates a focused electric field because of the shortness of the EB wavelength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi‐Scale Lipid Membrane Flow by Electron Beam‐Induced Electrowetting

Miyazako

Mabuchi

Hoshino

2021

Adv Materials Inter

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This study proposes a new technique for control of lipid membrane flow using an electron beam (EB)‐induced virtual cathode (VC). A spot 2.5 keV EB is indirectly irradiated onto supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) which are formed on a 100‐nm‐thick silicon nitride (SiN) membrane, and then a focused electric field around the EB spot (that is, the VC) causes membrane flow of the SLBs due to a voltage drop across them and electrowetting effects between them and the SiN membrane. This VC technique is shown to be able to change membrane shapes by small‐ and large‐scale controls of lipid membrane flow. For SLBs consisting of a single component, a spot VC can achieve small‐scale control of membrane flow; and the edge of the SLBs is demonstrated to change only around the spot VC. It is also shown that the spot VC can cause large‐scale deformation of SLBs consisting of ternary components by inducing a surface instability phenomenon known as Saffman–Taylor instability. The obtained results indicate that the proposed VC technique can achieve multi‐scale control of lipid membrane flow, which will contribute to on‐demand control of network topology in biomolecular devices based on artificial lipid membranes.

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“…18,22) By using this spatiotemporal virtual cathode (VC) tool, various real-time reversible controls of biomaterials have been demonstrated. [23][24][25][26][27] These studies suggested that the VC tool has the potential to manipulate molecular reactions and motions without using the mechanical probing electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric characteristics of deformable and maneuverable virtual cathode tool displayed by indirect electron beam drawing

Sasaki

HOSHINO

2022

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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Dielectrophoretic manipulations are deft techniques for soft-matter processes. To actuate the target biomolecules more spatiotemporally, the manipulator which can maneuver the adjustable electric field at high speed is required. We have designed a virtual cathode (VC) tool drawn with an electron beam (EB), which is a deformable and maneuverable electrode. In this report, we investigated the electrochemical response of YOYO-1-labeled DNAs by applying the VC tool and evaluated dependency of its dielectric characteristics on pattern frequency. The specific fluorescent bleaching responses we obtained suggested that work lengths and strength of the VC-induced electric field were enhanced as the applied VC pattern has a high pattern frequency. Moreover, we validated the form of the EB-drawing pattern can also affect dielectric characteristics of the VC tool. These results therefore indicate that the VC tool can control the dielectric phenomenon by a well-tuned tool design, which will lead to more flexible manipulations.

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Electron beam induced fine virtual electrode for mechanical strain microscopy of living cell

Cited by 13 publications

References 35 publications

Attenuated Glial Reactivity on Topographically Functionalized Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene):P‐Toluene Sulfonate (PEDOT:PTS) Neuroelectrodes Fabricated by Microimprint Lithography

Attenuated Glial Reactivity on Topographically Functionalized Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene):P‐Toluene Sulfonate (PEDOT:PTS) Neuroelectrodes Fabricated by Microimprint Lithography

Multi‐Scale Lipid Membrane Flow by Electron Beam‐Induced Electrowetting

Dielectric characteristics of deformable and maneuverable virtual cathode tool displayed by indirect electron beam drawing

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