Electron beam initiated grafting of trimethylol propane trimethacrylate onto polyethylene—structure and properties

Tikku, V.K.; Biswas, Gopa Roy; Despande, R.S.; Majali, A.B.; Chaki, T. K.; Bhowmick, Anil K.

doi:10.1016/0969-806x(94)00169-k

Cited by 41 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In the existing literature on radiation technology, one finds extensive use of tri-allyl cyanurate (TAC) and other acrylate monomers, such as ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, tetramethylolmethane tetraacrylate, and tripropyleneglycol diacrylate, as commonly used radiation sensitizers. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] The acrylate monomers and TAC are all thermally unstable in the PA66 processing temperature range of 533-573 K. To obviate the processing instability of TAC, some studies have been carried out where TAC was incorporated into PA66 by the dipping of the tensile specimens in a TAC solution. The samples were subsequently irradiated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ambient‐temperature and high‐temperature electron‐beam radiation on the structural, thermal, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical properties of injection‐molded polyamide‐6,6

Sengupta

Sabharwal

Tikku³

et al. 2005

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Electron-beam irradiation of injection-molded specimens of polyiminohexamethyleneiminoadipoyl (better known as polyamide-6,6) was carried out in air at ambient temperature (303 K) and a high temperature (393 K). Most of the irradiated specimens were tensile dumbbells, although a few were cylinders for compressive stress relaxation testing. A few representative samples were dipped in triallyl cyanurate (TAC) solution before ambient-temperature irradiation. The gel content of the specimens increased with radiation dose and the temperature of irradiation. Moreover, the TAC-treated specimens showed an increase in gel content over the neat specimens irradiated at the same dose levels. Wide-angle X-ray scattering and differential scanning calorimetry studies revealed that the crystallinity decreased with increasing radiation dose. Irradiation at the high temperature and treatment with TAC further decreased the crystallinity compared to irradiation at ambient temperature. As determined from compressive stress relaxation and mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties, the optimized radiation dose for ambient-temperature radiation was 200 kGy. The gels had a stiffening effect, and the rate of relaxation decreased significantly. The water-uptake characteristics of the tensile specimens were investigated; this revealed a decrease in the water absorption tendency with increasing gel content.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ambient‐temperature and high‐temperature electron‐beam radiation on the structural, thermal, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical properties of injection‐molded polyamide‐6,6

Sengupta

Sabharwal

Tikku³

et al. 2005

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…16,17 The increase in the frequency absorption of the carbonyl peak in the range of 1736-1742 cm À1 , observed for samples 1-3 with an increasing amount of peroxide but a constant initial concentration of TMPTMA, can be related to the conversion of double-bond groups by grafting and branching/crosslinking reactions, 18,19 which generate higher amounts of saturated grafted groups (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Characterization Of the Grafted Monomer Structurementioning

confidence: 94%

“…This suggested that under all conditions tested, branching and grafting reactions overcame crosslinking. Also, the insoluble part in sample 7 could be a mixture of crosslinked PP and a TMPTMA homopolymer macrogel 16,17,25 experimentally difficult to separate. The sample modified in the extruder showed a lower MFI value and higher M n and M w values than sample 1 modified in the internal mixer under very similar feed conditions.…”

Section: Molecular Weight Of Functionalized Pp and Its Dependence On mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of isotactic polypropylene by the free‐radical grafting of 1,1,1‐trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate

Mousavi-Saghandikolaei

Frounchi

Dadbin

et al. 2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The chemical modification of isotactic polypropylene was performed by the free-radical-promoted grafting of 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) in the presence of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as the initiator. The reaction was carried out both in a batch internal mixer and in a corotating twin-screw extruder; the effects of the peroxide and monomer concentrations on the extent of modification in terms of the grafting efficiency and polymer chain structure variations were investigated. The modified samples were characterized with Fourier transform infrared to determine the structure of the grafted groups and the degree of functionalization, with gel permeation chromatography and the melt flow index to evaluate changes in the molecular weight, and with differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis to measure the final thermal properties. In addition, solvent extrac-tion with xylene was performed to highlight the presence of gel and its extent. The structure of the grafted groups was determined, and the number of grafted groups was quantitatively evaluated. The degree of functionalization increased with an increasing TMPTMA/DCP molar ratio. Thermal analysis results hinted at the presence of grafted chains with an increased percentage of TMPTMA. Although degradation reactions predominated at high amounts of peroxide, grafting and branching processes became competitive at high levels of TMPTMA. The balance between competing b-scission and grafting/branching reactions could be adjusted on the basis of feed conditions. 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 950-958, 2007

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“…The total surface energy ys and its components YS (+) I YS (-) and yAB were determined for the control (unmodified) and the modified EPDM surfaces using equations (1)- (5). They are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Surface Energy Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Waddell et al [2] have described the modification of elastomer and fibre surfaces by chemical, photochemical, and physical techniques. Bhowmick and co-workers [3] have reported surface properties of polymers modified by dibutyl maleate, vinyltrimethoxysilane, and by triallyl cyanurate [4] and trimethylol propane trimethacrylate [5] in the presence of an electron beam. The surface modification of elastomers by corona, plasma, *To whom correspondence should be addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the concentration of trimethylol propane triacrylate on the electron beam-induced surface modification of EPDM rubber

Majumder

Bhowmick

1997

Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology

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Electron beam initiated grafting of trimethylol propane trimethacrylate onto polyethylene—structure and properties

Cited by 41 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of ambient‐temperature and high‐temperature electron‐beam radiation on the structural, thermal, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical properties of injection‐molded polyamide‐6,6

Effect of ambient‐temperature and high‐temperature electron‐beam radiation on the structural, thermal, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical properties of injection‐molded polyamide‐6,6

Modification of isotactic polypropylene by the free‐radical grafting of 1,1,1‐trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate

Influence of the concentration of trimethylol propane triacrylate on the electron beam-induced surface modification of EPDM rubber

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