Electron Beam Lithography Nanopatterning of Plasma Polymers

Abstract

Chemically patterned surfaces for biotechnology applications often require sub‐micron patterns to match specific sub‐cellular structures and control the presentation of proteins to single cell arrays. Plasma polymer coatings are used extensively in the biotechnology sector for biomaterials, cell culture and tissue engineering, but their patterning has not been investigated at the sub‐micron level. The resolution limit of plasma polymerized patterns with designed line widths of 900 to 20 nm is investigated via dual chemistry patterns of plasma polymerized acrylic acid and allylamine created with poly (methyl methacrylate) resist and electron beam lithography (EBL). Line widths are characterized via scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy with surface chemistry analysis via time‐of‐flight secondary‐ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS). The smallest line width measured is 29 nm for a designed line width of 20 nm. High‐resolution nanoscale imaging is achieved using ToF‐SIMS, with lines down to ≈60 nm in width visible. This work demonstrates the successful fabrication and characterization of sub 100 nm dual plasma polymer patterns using EBL, establishing a clear route for large scale production of plasma polymerized nanopatterning.

The 2022 Plasma Roadmap: low temperature plasma science and technology

“…While uniformly functionalized surfaces, variations in topography, and lateral gradients in functional group density represent established technologies, novel nanopatterning techniques allow the deposition of dual plasma polymer films yielding chemical differences, e.g. carboxyl and amine groups, in patterned polymeric features with dimensions down to about 20-30 nm in height [113]. Such sub-micron patterns match specific sub-cellular structures and might control the presentation of proteins to single cell arrays.…”

The effects of surface topography modification on hydrogel properties

“…e-beam lithography has been used with plasma treatment to create a chemically patterned surface, suggesting that e-beam lithography could be used to alter surface chemistry. 65 Similarly, 3D printing has been applied with wet chemical modification to fabricate surfaces with controlled functionality and microstructure. 66 The combination of lithography with coating also generated surfaces with tunable wettability.…”