Electron beams and their interactions with the ionosphere — A review of the E| |B series

Kellogg, P. J.

doi:10.1016/0273-1177(92)90345-x

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The generation of harmonics of electromagnetic waves from Langmuir waves has received some theoretical [ Yoon et al , 1994, 2005; Yi et al , 2007] and observational [ Cairns , 1986] attention. Harmonics of the Langmuir waves themselves have been the subject of theoretical studies [ Bergmann and Schnabl , 1988; Yoon , 2005] and are commonly observed in laboratory [e.g., Bernstein et al , 1982; Boswell and Kellogg , 1983; Llobet et al , 1985] and rocket [e.g., Banks and Raitt , 1988; Kellogg , 1992, and references therein] electron beam experiments. In the Earth's foreshock, observation of the harmonics is confused by the presence of electromagnetic waves at the same frequency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmonics of langmuir waves in the Earth's foreshock

2010

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Accurate measurements of the harmonics of foreshock Langmuir waves have been made with the S/WAVES experiment on STEREO. The amplitude of the harmonics relative to the fundamental is quite small, on the order of 1%. This ratio varies widely, showing that it cannot be due to nonlinearities either in the circuit or in the antenna sheath, as these effects would be expected to produce amplitudes which are definite functions of the fundamental amplitude. Neither are the observed harmonics due to an intrinsic nonlinearity of Langmuir waves. Trapping of electrons in the Langmuir wave potentials seems to be what is happening. The waveforms are shown to be consistent with this interpretation. As there is no reason to expect that a propagating Langmuir wave would trap electrons, it appears that they are probably trapped as the Langmuir wave grows. The harmonics may give some indication of the age of the Langmuir waves, therefore.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmonics of langmuir waves in the Earth's foreshock

2010

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“…Active space experiments involving the ejection of energetic electron beams in the ionosphere have been performed for more than two decades. In beam experiments a variety of phenomena are explored, including auroral emissions Mende et al, 1993] and parallel electric fields on auroral fieldlines [Kellogg, 1992]. It is important in such experiments to have an accurate description 0f the beam dynamics as it propagates away from the spacecraft, that is, the energy degradation and scattering due plasma instabilities, spacecraft charging, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A kinetic description of electron beam ejection from spacecraft

Khazanov

Neubert

Gefan

et al. 1993

Geophysical Research Letters

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A model based on the Boltzmann kinetic equation describing electron beam ejection from spacecraft is presented. Results are shown for steady‐state, beam‐atmosphere interaction (BAI) and for beam‐plasma interaction (BPI). The BPI considered is that of elastic scattering of beam electrons with strong, short‐scale Langmuir turbulence. This mechanism has been suggested for prompt echoes of beam electrons observed in sounding rocket experiments. It is shown that the interaction is sufficiently strong to account for observations of back‐scattered electrons at the beam accelerator energy. However, it is clear from observations that particles undergo diffusion in energy at a rate exeeding levels expected for BAI. Inelastic scattering in BPI must therefore also be important.

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“…-1 (2) where #+(-) represents the zenith (nadir) directed hemispherical electron fluxes differential in energy and as a function of altitude. The bracketed terms from left to right represent the contribution to the hemispherical flux due to elastic backscatter from the opposing hemisphere, production by electron-impact ionization of ambient neutral constituents, and cascading from higher energies.…”

Section: Aiaa-99-4532mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spaceborne electron beams provide a two-fold utility to space science experimentalists: they may be used to simulate physical processes involving energetic electrons in space and the upper atmosphere/ionosphere, and they may be used to probe distant regions of the near-Earth space environment that are generally inaccessible to in situ measurements. For almost three decades, electron beams injected from sounding rockets and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) spacecraft have been helpful in the investigations of numerous topics, including sounding of magnetic field-aligned potential drops in aurora1 regions [2], magnetic field 1 ine tracing within the Earth's inner magnetosphere [3], and generation of artificial aurora [4]. These experiments have incorporated beam accelerators with energies and currents that vary over a broad range.…”

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confidence: 99%

Passive remote sensing of artificial relativistic electron beams in the middle atmosphere

Krause

Neubert

Gilchrist³

1999

Space Technology Conference and Exposition

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Two methods of passive remote sensing of mildly (E 5 MeV) relativistic electron beams as they propagate through the Earth's upper and middle atmosphere are presented. Utilization of bremsstrahlung emissions as a diagnostic indicator of beam characteristic energy and particle flux is compared and contrasted with that of the optical emission technique. A new MeV aurora1 electron model has been developed to compute line emission rates of O(lD)-+ O(3P) (X = 630.0-636.4 nm doublet), O(rS) + O(iD) (X = 557.7 nm), Nz(B3C,f) 3 N~(X2C~) (A = 391.4 nm and 427.8 nm from the N.$(lN) band), and Ns(C311,) 4 Nz(B3111,) (X = 337.1 nm from the Nz(2P) band). The 427.8 nm, .391.4 nm, and 337.1 nm lines are strong in intensity,.with production rates several orders of magnitude greater in than those of the 0 lines examined here. It is shown that the production of 337.1 nm is insensitive to compositional change and has a quenching height lower in altitude than the propagation depth of a 5 MeV electron beam, and thus the signature may be suitable as an indicator of electron flux for beams of comparable energy. The ratio of 427.8 nm to 391.4 nm emissions was found to be relatively 'insensitive to compositional changes, and the ratio varies with altitude at lower altitudes, suggesting that it may suitable for inference of characteristic beam energy for MeV electron beams. Advantages and disadvantages associated with both the bremsstrahlung and the optical techniques are presented.

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Electron beams and their interactions with the ionosphere — A review of the E| |B series

Cited by 7 publications

References 43 publications

Harmonics of langmuir waves in the Earth's foreshock

Harmonics of langmuir waves in the Earth's foreshock

A kinetic description of electron beam ejection from spacecraft

Passive remote sensing of artificial relativistic electron beams in the middle atmosphere

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