Electron-cooled accumulation of 4 × 10<sup>9</sup>positrons for production and storage of antihydrogen atoms

Fitzakerley, D. W.; George, M. C.; Hessels, E. A.; Skinner, T. D. G.; Storry, C. H.; Weel, M.; Gabrielse, Gerald; Hamley, Chris; Jones, Nathan B.; Marable, K.; Tardiff, E. R.; Grzonka, D.; Oelert, W.; Zieliński, Marcin

doi:10.1088/0953-4075/49/6/064001

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…While the RW compression experiments at higher magnetic fields (e.g., 5 T) can achieve higher absolute plasma densities, this represents a smaller fraction (e.g., ∼ 10 −3 ) of the Brillouin limit (Fitzakerley et al, 2013;Jørgensen et al, 2005). …”

Section: Strong Drive Regimementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Recently, 4 × 10 9 positrons were confined in electrodes at 1.2 K in a region where the background pressure was estimated to be ≤ 8 × 10 −17 mbar, which will be good enough for year-longH confinement (Fitzakerley et al, 2013). In cases where smaller numbers of positrons are required, it is possible to design a simpler and more compact trap with only two stages (Cassidy et al, 2006a;Clarke et al, 2006;Sullivan et al, 2008).…”

Section: Buffer Gas Trapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concerns about degrading the vacuum (Haarsma et al, 1995) have turned out not to be a problem. Recently, 4 × 10 9 positrons were confined in electrodes at 1.2 K in a region where the background pressure was estimated to be ≤ 8 × 10 −17 mbar, which will be good enough for year-longH confinement (Fitzakerley et al, 2013). Following trapping and cooling to 300 K in the buffer-gas trap, bursts of positrons are magnetically guided through a pulsed valve into the nested Penning traps in tesla-strength magnetic fields with 50% or greater efficiency (Amoretti et al, 2002;Comeau et al, 2012;Jørgensen et al, 2005).…”

Section: Low-energy Antiprotons and Cold Positronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma and trap-based techniques for science with positrons

Danielson¹,

Dubin²,

Greaves³

et al. 2015

Rev. Mod. Phys.

234

222

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In recent years, there has been a wealth of new science involving low-energy antimatter (i.e., positrons and antiprotons) at energies ranging from 10 2 to less than 10 −3 eV. Much of this progress has been driven by the development of new plasma-based techniques to accumulate, manipulate and deliver antiparticles for specific applications. This article focuses on the advances made in this area using positrons. However many of the resulting techniques are relevant to antiprotons as well. An overview is presented of relevant theory of single-component plasmas in electromagnetic traps. Methods are described to produce intense sources of positrons and to efficiently slow the typically energetic particles thus produced. Techniques are described to trap positrons efficiently and to cool and compress the resulting positron gases and plasmas. Finally, the procedures developed to deliver tailored pulses and beams (e.g., in intense, short bursts, or as quasi-monoenergetic continuous beams) for specific applications are reviewed. The status of development in specific application areas is also reviewed. One example is the formation of antihydrogen atoms for fundamental physics [e.g., tests of invariance under charge conjugation, parity inversion and time reversal (the CPT theorem), and studies of the interaction of gravity with antimatter]. Other applications discussed include atomic and materials physics studies and study of the electron-positron many-body system, including both classical electron-positron plasmas and the complementary quantum system in the form of Bose-condensed gases of positronium atoms. Areas of future promise are also discussed. The review concludes with a brief summary and a list of outstanding challenges.

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Section: Strong Drive Regimementioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Buffer Gas Trapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Low-energy Antiprotons and Cold Positronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Plasma and trap-based techniques for science with positrons

Danielson¹,

Dubin²,

Greaves³

et al. 2015

Rev. Mod. Phys.

234

222

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show abstract

“…It is possible to store ≈10 9 positrons or so in a standard accumulator [684,685], and one can also consider building multiple positron traps, either in line, or using an off-axis multi-cell design [686,687]. In any case, high capacity traps will clearly take longer to fill unless they can be associated with an intense positron source.…”

Section: Bose-einstein Condensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental progress in positronium laser physics

2018

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Abstract. The field of experimental positronium physics has advanced significantly in the last few decades, with new areas of research driven by the development of techniques for trapping and manipulating positrons using Surko-type buffer gas traps. Large numbers of positrons (typically ≥10 6 ) accumulated in such a device may be ejected all at once, so as to generate an intense pulse. Standard bunching techniques can produce pulses with ns (mm) temporal (spatial) beam profiles. These pulses can be converted into a dilute Ps gas in vacuum with densities on the order of 10 7 cm −3 which can be probed by standard ns pulsed laser systems. This allows for the efficient production of excited Ps states, including long-lived Rydberg states, which in turn facilitates numerous experimental programs, such as precision optical and microwave spectroscopy of Ps, the application of Stark deceleration methods to guide, decelerate and focus Rydberg Ps beams, and studies of the interactions of such beams with other atomic and molecular species. These methods are also applicable to antihydrogen production and spectroscopic studies of energy levels and resonances in positronium ions and molecules. A summary of recent progress in this area will be given, with the objective of providing an overview of the field as it currently exists, and a brief discussion of some future directions.

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“…A consequence of CPT is that the properties of fundamental particles and their antimatter conjugates should be identical except for the reversal of certain quantum numbers. This has led to much effort to compare precisely the masses and magnetic moments of the electron and positron [5][6][7], and of the proton and antiproton [8][9][10][11][12], and even greater efforts to compare the properties of hydrogen and antihydrogen [13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

CPT tests with the antihydrogen molecular ion

Myers

2018

Phys. Rev. A

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High precision radio-frequency, microwave and infrared spectroscopic measurements of the antihydrogen molecular ionH − 2 (ppe + ) compared with its normal matter counterpart provide direct tests of the CPT theorem. The sensitivity to a difference between the positron/antiproton and electron/proton mass ratios, and to a difference between the positron-antiproton and electron-proton hyperfine interactions, can exceed that obtained by comparing antihydrogen with hydrogen by several orders of magnitude. Practical schemes are outlined for measurements on a singleH − 2 ion in a cryogenic Penning trap, that use non-destructive state identification by measuring the cyclotron frequency and bound-positron spin-flip frequency; and also for creating anH − 2 ion and initializing its quantum state.

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Electron-cooled accumulation of 4 × 10⁹positrons for production and storage of antihydrogen atoms

Cited by 34 publications

References 41 publications

Plasma and trap-based techniques for science with positrons

Plasma and trap-based techniques for science with positrons

Experimental progress in positronium laser physics

CPT tests with the antihydrogen molecular ion

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Electron-cooled accumulation of 4 × 109positrons for production and storage of antihydrogen atoms

Cited by 34 publications

References 41 publications

Plasma and trap-based techniques for science with positrons

Plasma and trap-based techniques for science with positrons

Experimental progress in positronium laser physics

CPT tests with the antihydrogen molecular ion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Electron-cooled accumulation of 4 × 10⁹positrons for production and storage of antihydrogen atoms