Electron Cooling with Graphene-Insulator-Superconductor Tunnel Junctions for Applications in Fast Bolometry

Vischi, Francesco; Carrega, Matteo; Braggio, Alessandro; Paolucci, Federico; Bianco, Federica; Roddaro, Stefano; Giazotto, Francesco

doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.13.054006

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…In spite of this variety, the use of TFETs for the rectification of highfrequency signals 30 has not been attempted so far. This is also surprising considering recent advances in the development of tunnelling high-frequency rectifiers and detectors based on quantum dots 31,32 , diodes [33][34][35][36][37][38] and superconducting tunnel junctions [39][40][41] . A possible reason is that the low on-state current and relatively small cut-off frequency of TFETs have stimulated the belief on their inapplicability in teratronics 42 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Tunnel field-effect transistors for sensitive terahertz detection

Gayduchenko

Alymov

et al. 2021

Nat Commun

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The rectification of electromagnetic waves to direct currents is a crucial process for energy harvesting, beyond-5G wireless communications, ultra-fast science, and observational astronomy. As the radiation frequency is raised to the sub-terahertz (THz) domain, ac-to-dc conversion by conventional electronics becomes challenging and requires alternative rectification protocols. Here, we address this challenge by tunnel field-effect transistors made of bilayer graphene (BLG). Taking advantage of BLG’s electrically tunable band structure, we create a lateral tunnel junction and couple it to an antenna exposed to THz radiation. The incoming radiation is then down-converted by the tunnel junction nonlinearity, resulting in high responsivity (>4 kV/W) and low-noise (0.2 pW/$$\sqrt{{\rm{Hz}}}$$ Hz ) detection. We demonstrate how switching from intraband Ohmic to interband tunneling regime can raise detectors’ responsivity by few orders of magnitude, in agreement with the developed theory. Our work demonstrates a potential application of tunnel transistors for THz detection and reveals BLG as a promising platform therefor.

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confidence: 99%

Tunnel field-effect transistors for sensitive terahertz detection

Gayduchenko

Alymov

et al. 2021

Nat Commun

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“…Notably, the current bias modulates the device sensitivity over about 6 orders of magnitude. Furthermore, the extracted data indicate that the JES [34] reaches best sensitivities several orders of magnitude better than nano-TES bolometers [33] and all other sensors proposed and realized [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][35][36][37]48] so far. Specifically, the JES showed unprecedented values of NEP TFN,JES as low as ∼1 × 10 −25 W/ √ Hz for the highest bias current I = 370 nA (I C,0 /I 1.5) corresponding to a working temperature of about 18 mK.…”

Section: Jes Bolometer Experimental Deduced Performancementioning

confidence: 92%

“…Furthermore, several hybrid nano-structures exploiting the Josephson effect [23] have been proposed and realized [24,25]. In particular, cold electron bolometers (CEBs) in normal metal/superconductor tunnel systems were experimentally demonstrated to show a NEP ∼ 3 × 10 −18 W/ √ Hz [26], while gatetunable CEBs can be realized by substituting the metal with silicon [27] or graphene [28]. Furthermore, detectors based on proximity effect demonstrated a NEP of the order of 10 −20 W/ √ Hz in superconductor/normal metal/superconductor (SNS) junctions [29,30] and 7 × 10 −19 W/ √ Hz in superconductor/graphene/superconductor (SGS) junctions [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully Superconducting Josephson Bolometers for Gigahertz Astronomy

et al. 2021

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The origin and the evolution of the universe are concealed in the evanescent diffuse extragalactic background radiation (DEBRA). To reveal these signals, the development of innovative ultra-sensitive bolometers operating in the gigahertz band is required. Here, we review the design and experimental realization of two bias-current-tunable sensors based on one dimensional fully superconducting Josephson junctions: the nanoscale transition edge sensor (nano-TES) and the Josephson escape sensor (JES). In particular, we cover the theoretical basis of the sensors operation, the device fabrication, their experimental electronic and thermal characterization and the deduced detection performance. Indeed, the nano-TES promises a state-of-the-art noise equivalent power (NEP) of about 5×10−20 W/Hz, while the JES active region is expected to show an unprecedented NEP of the order of 10−25 W/Hz. Therefore, the nano-TES and JES are strong candidates to push radio astronomy to the next level.

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“…Superconducting hybrid systems, i.e., constituted of superconducting parts in electric contact with normal (non-superconducting) parts, are in practice coherent electron systems with striking thermodynamic equilibrium/transport properties, resulting in a wide variety of applicative devices: low-temperature sensitive thermometers [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], sensitive detectors [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ], heat valves [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ], caloritronics (heat computing) [ 11 , 37 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ], solid-state micro-refrigerators [ 18 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ], solid-state quantum machines [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ], thermoelectric generators [ 62 ,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamics of a Phase-Driven Proximity Josephson Junction

Vischi

Carrega

Braggio

et al. 2019

Entropy

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We study the thermodynamic properties of a superconductor/normal metal/superconductor Josephson junction in the short limit. Owing to the proximity effect, such a junction constitutes a thermodynamic system where phase difference, supercurrent, temperature and entropy are thermodynamical variables connected by equations of state. These allow conceiving quasi-static processes that we characterize in terms of heat and work exchanged. Finally, we combine such processes to construct a Josephson-based Otto and Stirling cycles. We study the related performance in both engine and refrigerator operating mode.

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Electron Cooling with Graphene-Insulator-Superconductor Tunnel Junctions for Applications in Fast Bolometry

Cited by 15 publications

References 123 publications

Tunnel field-effect transistors for sensitive terahertz detection

Tunnel field-effect transistors for sensitive terahertz detection

Fully Superconducting Josephson Bolometers for Gigahertz Astronomy

Thermodynamics of a Phase-Driven Proximity Josephson Junction

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