Electron diffraction study of enzyme‐hydrolyzed cotton samples

Paralikar, K. M.; Bhatawdekar, S. P.

doi:10.1002/app.1986.070320727

J of Applied Polymer Sci

1986

DOI: 10.1002/app.1986.070320727

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Electron diffraction study of enzyme‐hydrolyzed cotton samples

K. M. Paralikar

S. P. Bhatawdekar

Abstract: SynopsisAn electron diffraction study on continuously and repeatedly enzyme-hydrolyzed cotton samples was carried out. The electron diffraction pattern on repeatedly enzyme-treated sample reveals a cellulose I pattern with the absence of the 101 plane. This confirms that enzymatic hydrolysis of cotton fibers proceeds preferentially along the 101 plane, being a clevage plane.

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Cited by 3 publications

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“…Extended treatment with an enzyme solution for one to seven days with agitation does not change the electron diffraction pattern until day Seven [ 16]. Our previous study reported the effect of treating a cotton fabric with a total cellulase on the molecular, supramolecular, and morphological structure of the cotton cellulose.…”

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confidence: 95%

“…This mode of action supports the concept that the cellulose behaves as a one-phase polymer with crystalline regions with varying degrees of accessibility during cellulase treatment 15, 61. Extended treatment with an enzyme solution for one to seven days with agitation does not change the electron diffraction pattern until day Seven [ 16]. Our previous study reported the effect of treating a cotton fabric with a total cellulase on the molecular, supramolecular, and morphological structure of the cotton cellulose.…”

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confidence: 95%

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Effect of Purified Trichoderma reesei Cellulases on the Supramolecular Structure of Cotton Cellulose

Rousselle

Bertoniere

Howley

et al. 2003

Textile Research Journal

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Commercial cellulases may contain mixtures of different cellulase components, and properties of cotton fabrics treated with cellulases vary with the nature of these mixtures. This study reports the effect of treatments with cellulase monocomponents on the molecular and supramolecular structures of cotton cellulose. Desized, scoured, and bleached printcloth fabrics prepared from ring spun or rotor spun Deltapine cotton yarns are treated with monocomponent cellulases—endoglucanase I and II and cellobiohydrolase I and II from Trichoderma reesei— in an acetate buffer in stainless steel canisters in the presence of stainless steel ball bearings. The effects of the treatments are reported for fabric weight loss, reducing sugar formation, fabric breaking strength and tearing strength, copper number, water of imbibition, cellulose microstructure as revealed by hydrogen bonding patterns, and fiber pore size distribution. 1 Retired.Cotton fibers consist of macrofibrils that, in turn, are composed of organized microfibrils (microcrystals). Microfibrils are formed through association of individual cellulose molecules, which form intermolecular hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic bonds [7]. The structure of the cotton fiber can be affected at any of these levels when cotton fabric is subjected to wet processing in the textile industry. ' Cellulases are used in the textile industry to improve the appearance of fabric surfaces by effecting a stonewashed appearance in denim, by biopolishing or softening fabrics, by removing surface fuzz fibers to impart a smooth appearance, or by removing &dquo;white specks&dquo; (tangled bundles of surface fibers that do not take up dyes) [12,17,24]. &dquo;Total cellulases&dquo; contain endoglucanases, exoglucanases (cellobiohydrolayses), and l3-g1ucosidases (cellobiases). The presumed mode of attack of a total cellulase on a cellulose microfibril involves synergistic action of the components of the cellulase. The endo component first clips a cellulose chain by cleaving internal glucosidic bonds, then the exo component produces cellobiose from the nonreducing end of the chains. The final step is glucose production from cellobiose by cellobiase [8,14,28]. The effects on fabric properties can vary from one monocomponent to another, i.e., one component may decrease pilling but reduce tear strength, while another component may not affect tear strength (4].Cellulase activity does not change the crystallinity index of cellulose, indicating that cellulase activity is not confined to noncrystalline regions. This mode of action supports the concept that the cellulose behaves as a one-phase polymer with crystalline regions with varying degrees of accessibility during cellulase treatment 15, 61.Extended treatment with an enzyme solution for one to seven days with agitation does not change the electron diffraction pattern until day Seven [ 16]. Our previous study reported the effect of treating a cotton fabric with a total cellulase on the molecular, supramolecular, and morphological structure of...

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mentioning

confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of Purified Trichoderma reesei Cellulases on the Supramolecular Structure of Cotton Cellulose

Rousselle

Bertoniere

Howley

et al. 2003

Textile Research Journal

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show abstract

Textile Degradation

Slater¹

1991

Textile Progress

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Effect of Whole Cellulase on the Supramolecular Structure of Cotton Cellulose

Rousselle

Bertoniere

Howley

et al. 2002

Textile Research Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cotton fabrics are treated with cellulolytic enzyme preparations to alter the appearance of their surfaces. Desired objectives can be to effect a washed appearance in denims. to impart a smooth appearance by removing surface fuzz fibers, or to remove tangled bundles of surface fibers that do not pick up dyes and thus result in white specks. Such treatments are very mild and have been commercially successful. This study elucidates the effect such treatments have on the molecular, supramolecular, and morphological structures of cotton cellulose. Desized, scoured, and bleached cotton fabric is treated with a commercial textile cellulase preparation for 10, 60, and 180 minutes at 50°C in a 0.05 M (pH 4.8) acetate buffer in stainless steel canisters in the presence of stainless steel ball bearings. Changes are reported in fabric weight, fabric strength, fiber cell walls. moisture regain, cellulose molecular weight distribution, fiber pore size distribution, and cellulose microstructure as revealed by hydrogen bonding patterns.Cellulases are used in the textile industry to give denim a stone washed appearance without using stones, to biopolish and soften fabrics. to remove neps that result in dye defects, and in laundry detergents to remove fuzz fibers from the surfaces of dyed fabrics to enhance color ,[ 16. 23. 30]. The intent is to impart the desired properties to the fabric while minimizing concomitant deleterious effects such as reduced wear life.Commercial cellulases may contain mixtures of different cellulases. and the effects on fabric' properties depend on the composition. For instance, one component may decrease pilling but reduce tear strength, while another component may have no effect on tear strength [5]. There are three major components in cellulases: endo-glucanases, exo-glucanases (also known as celloblohydrolases). and B-glucosidases (also known as celloblases). A &dquo;total&dquo; or &dquo;whole&dquo; cellulase preparation contains mixtures of these three enzyme types. In the first step. endo-glucanases cleave internal glucosidic bonds in the cellulose chain, producing shorter chains. Exo-glucanases then produce cellobiose in a stepwise manner from the nonreducing end of the cellulose chains, and cellobiases hydrolyze cellobiose to glucose 111. 19, 331. Selection of appropriate pH and temperature, liquor ratio, equipment type. agitation level, and equipment settings all contribute to producing the desired results. Cavaco-Paulo, et al. studied the effects of high versus low agitation levels on the cellulolytic activity of a total cellulase and a pure endoglucanase, and found that &dquo;exo activity&dquo; of a total cellulase may be reduced by high levels of mechanical agitation. They attributed this result to a preferential adsorption of endoglucanases versus exoglucanases at high agitation levels. Fabric bending hysteresis was increased by high-agitation treatments with endoglucanases. but not by low-agitation treatments. They found no change in cr_vstallinity index. indicating that cellulase act...

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Electron diffraction study of enzyme‐hydrolyzed cotton samples

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of Purified Trichoderma reesei Cellulases on the Supramolecular Structure of Cotton Cellulose

Effect of Purified Trichoderma reesei Cellulases on the Supramolecular Structure of Cotton Cellulose

Textile Degradation

Effect of Whole Cellulase on the Supramolecular Structure of Cotton Cellulose

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