Electron-Donor and -Acceptor Agents Responsible for Surface Modification Optimizing Electrochemical Performance

Abstract

The electrochemical roles of electron-donor and -acceptor agents in surface reforming of magnesium alloy were investigated via plasma electrolysis. The surface modification was performed in an aluminate-based electrolyte, having urea and hydrazine with inherent molecular structures, which might act as electron acceptor and donor during plasma-assisted electrochemical reaction. The presence of hydrazine working as donor would promote the formation of magnesium aluminates in the oxide layer, resulting in superior compactness of the oxide layer to that when urea was used as the working as acceptor since the precipitation of MgCO was favored in the electrolyte with urea. The thickness of the oxide layer formed by a combination of urea and hydrazine was higher than urea, while the porosity was higher than hydrazine. The electrochemical performance was enhanced in the order of hydrazine, urea and hydrazine combined, and urea, which was discussed on the basis of impedance interpretation.

Concurrent Oxidation–Reduction Reactions in a Single System Using a Low-Plasma Phenomenon: Excellent Catalytic Performance and Stability in the Hydrogenation Reaction

“…After application of the electric field, Ti 4+ ions migrated outward because of an electrostatic force and TiO 2 particles were formed when they contacted the generated O 2− and OH − anions at the electrolyte/oxide film interface; this occurred due to the water splitting reaction. 36,37 Concurrently, silicate ions are decomposed by plasma discharges and drawn into the discharges channels under a high electric field. TiO 2 @SiO 2 is likely to be formed according to eqs 2−5 (2)…”

Development of Azo-Based Turn-On Chemical Array System for Hydrazine Detection with Fluorescence Pattern Analysis

“…48 Therefore, we designed SF-Azo 01 – 03 as efficient fluorogenic hydrazine sensors with different fluorescent emission colors, promoted by three different functional groups: hydro, dimethylamino, and cyano groups for SF-Azo 01 , 02 , and 03 , respectively (Figure 2). Next, we considered that after the reduction of an azo group, a newly generated hydrazine moiety in the SF system should act as an electron-donating group (Figure 1a) 49 with a huge influence on the fluorescence property of the turn-on SF-Azo products. Since the SF system has previously shown a drastic bathochromic shift when forged with a pendent aniline moiety, 45 we additionally designed SF-Azo 04 , bearing a latent aniline moiety, to cover a longer emission wavelength.…”

Flowerlike Organic–Inorganic Coating Responsible for Extraordinary Corrosion Resistance via Self-assembly of an Organic Compound

“…On the other hand, the interpretation of the EIS data for IC in the absence and presence of PPC in aggressive solution was performed by numerical fitting, using the equivalent circuit model illustrated in Figure c. This model illustrated anticorrosion behavior of the AZ31 Mg alloy based on the EIS studies of Al Zoubi et al of the PE process. Herein, R s stands the solution resistance, R 1 represents the resistance of adsorption film formed on IC, and CPE 1 is the constant phase angle element, which was related to the capacitance of IC; R 2 stands the contribution of inorganic layer (Figure c), and the analogous capacitance is described by CPE 2 .…”