Electron emission from a single spindt-type field emitter: Comparison of theory with experiment

Jensen, Kevin L.; Mukhopadhyay-Phillips, P.; Zaidman, E.G.; Nguyen, Khanh; Kodis, M.A.; Malsawma, Lex; Hor, C.

doi:10.1016/s0169-4332(96)00726-x

Cited by 50 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Let the polar coordinates on the boss be (r = z g , θ g ) ("g" denotes gate). If electron motion was radial, then θ would equal θ g , but that approximation was found experimentally to be inadequate [109]: rather, (and not surprisingly) electrons follow the strong field lines. Following field lines and noting that F(θ g ) = 3F 0 cos(θ g ) on the boss, the distribution f (θ g ) over the boss is shown to be…”

Section: Theory Of Field Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Theory of Field Emission

Jensen

2001

Vacuum Microelectronics

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Section: Theory Of Field Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to determine that portion of the incident beam that is captured by the Faraday cup, a particle simulation is required. Based on such a simulation [109], the effective capture radius is ∆ = 62.69 and 63.07 µm for D theory = 766.4 and 856.1 µm, respectively. The effective anode distance D theory is obtained by demanding that the total current (Eq.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of Field Emission

Jensen

2001

Vacuum Microelectronics

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“…Contexts where improved FEVSC theory may be useful include the liquid metal ion source ͑LMIS͒ 36,41 ͑used in focused ion beam machines 42 and the field emission electric propulsion of spacecraft 43 ͒, Spindt arrays, 27,28,44 and the proposed use of carbon nanotubes as bright field electron sources ͑e.g., Ref. 45͒.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exact analysis of surface field reduction due to field-emitted vacuum space charge, in parallel-plane geometry, using simple dimensionless equations

Forbes

2008

Journal of Applied Physics

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This paper reports ͑a͒ a simple dimensionless equation relating to field-emitted vacuum space charge ͑FEVSC͒ in parallel-plane geometry, namely 9 2 2 −3 −4 +3=0, where is the FEVSC "strength" and is the reduction in emitter surface field ͑ = field-with/field-without FEVSC͒, and ͑b͒ the formula j =9 2 / 4, where j is the ratio of emitted current density J P to that predicted by Child's law. These equations apply to any charged particle, positive or negative, emitted with near-zero kinetic energy. They yield existing and additional basic formulas in planar FEVSC theory. The first equation also yields the well-known cubic equation describing the relationship between J P and applied voltage; a method of analytical solution is described. Illustrative FEVSC effects in a liquid metal ion source and in field electron emission are discussed. For Fowler-Nordheim plots, a "turn-over" effect is predicted in the high FEVSC limit. The higher the voltage-to-local-field conversion factor for the emitter concerned, then the higher is the field at which turn over occurs. Past experiments have not found complete turn over; possible reasons are noted. For real field emitters, planar theory is a worst-case limit; however, adjusting on the basis of Monte Carlo calculations might yield formulae adequate for real situations.

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“…Electrons are emitted from the sides as well as the tops of the emitter tips, resulting in an angular distribution of the emitted current. Jensen [104] has applied the F-N equation for the current density to a field emitter that is approximated by hyperbolic surfaces and surrounded by a co-planar anode, as shown in Fig. 8.12.…”

Section: Beammentioning

confidence: 99%