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St ab f a f z a0 w ab z a Y z a0 Y t dz a0 X 11 £ ÔÄÑá ÑÚÇÓÇAEß, ËÔÒÑÎßÊÖâ ÔÄÑÌÔÕÄ ÅÂÏËÎßÕÑÐÑÄÑÔÕË ÔËÔÕÇÏÞ, AEÎâ w ab ÒÑÎÖÚËÏ AEÑÄÑÎßÐÑ ÒÓÑÔÕÑÇ ÄÞÓÂÉÇÐËÇ [46]:£ÞÓÂÉÇÐËÇ ( St ab f n b T lim £ËAE ËÐÕÇÅÓÂΠ(38) ÏÑÉÇÕ ÃÞÕß ÖÒÓÑÜÈÐ Ô ÎÑÅÂÓË×-ÏËÚÇÔÍÑÌ ÕÑÚÐÑÔÕßá. ¥Îâ àÕÑÅÑ ÊÂÏÇÕËÏ, ÚÕÑ Ä ÔÎÖÚÂÇ ÃÑÎßÛËØ k (ÔÖÜÇÔÕÄÇÐÐÞØ, ÐÂÒÓËÏÇÓ, AEÎâ ÑÒÓÇAEÇÎÇÐËâ à××ÇÍÕËÄÐÑÌ ÚÂÔÕÑÕÞ ÔÕÑÎÍÐÑÄÇÐËÌ) Ä ÄÞÓÂÉÇÐËË (38) ÏÑÉÐÑ ÒÓÇÐÇÃÓÇÚß ËÊÏÇÐÇÐËÇÏ Ä ÏÑÏÇÐÕ ÓÂÔÔÇâÐËâ ÒÑÎ-ÐÑÌ ÔÍÑÓÑÔÕË ÚÂÔÕËÙÞ ÒÑ ÒÂÓÂÏÇÕÓÖ kvao kr a 4 1:ÅAEÇ Vt v v osc t ì ÒÑÎÐÂâ ÔÍÑÓÑÔÕß ÚÂÔÕËÙÞ Ä ÏÑÏÇÐÕ ÖAEÂÓÂ, d i j ì ÔËÏÄÑÎ ¬ÓÑÐÇÍÇÓÂ, r a ì ÓÂAEËÖÔ ÂAEËÂÃÂÕËÚÐÑÔÕË. £ ÑÃÎÂÔÕË ÏÂÎÞØ k kr osc 5 kr a 4 1 ÏÑÉÐÑ ÒÓÇÐÇÃÓÇÚß ÚÎÇÐÑÏ kr osc t Ä (37), ÚÕÑ ÔÑÑÕÄÇÕ-ÔÕÄÖÇÕ ÑÕÔÖÕÔÕÄËá ÄÎËâÐËâ ÄÐÇÛÐÇÅÑ ÒÑÎâ РAEÂÎÈÍËÇ ÔÕÑÎÍÐÑÄÇÐËâ: ÂÍÑÌ ÄËAE ÕÇÐÊÑÓ ÕÓÂAEËÙËÑÐÐÑ ËÔÒÑÎßÊÖÇÕÔâ AEÎâ ÑÒÓÇ-AEÇÎÇÐËâ AEËàÎÇÍÕÓËÚÇÔÍÑÌ ÒÓÑÐËÙÂÇÏÑÔÕË ÐÇÒÓÑÊÓÂÚÐÑÌ ÒÎÂÊÏÞ [5].£ ÑÃÓÂÕÐÑÏ ÒÓÇAEÇÎßÐÑÏ ÔÎÖÚÂÇ ÄÞÔÑÍÑÚÂÔÕÑÕÐÞØ ÒÑ-ÎÇÌ, r a`bv , ÕÇÐÊÑÓ B i j ÕÑÉAEÇÔÕÄÇÐÐÑ ÓÂÄÇÐ ÕÇÐÊÑÓÖ ÂÐ-AEÂÖ (40) Ä ÊÂAEÂÚÇ ÃÇÊ ÒÑÎâ: ÓÂÔÔÕÑâÐËÇ ÑÕ ÚÂÔÕËÙÞ AEÑ ËÑРÄÞÓÂÉÂÇÕÔâ ÍÂÍ µÉÇ ËÊ ÔÑÑÕÐÑÛÇÐËâ (61) ÏÑÉÐÑ ÒÑÎÖÚËÕß ÑÙÇÐÍÖ AEÎâ à××ÇÍÕËÄÐÑÅÑ ÔÇÚÇÐËâ ÒÓË ÄÞÔÑÍËØ r a 5 b v ÚÂÔÕÑÕÂØ: 5.°ÃÎÂÔÕß ÖÔÓÇAEÐÈÐÐÑÅÑ ÑÒËÔÂÐËâË ÖÓÂÄÐÇÐËâ AEÄËÉÇÐËâ (47) ÏÑÅÖÕ ÃÞÕß ÖÒÓÑÜÇÐÞ. ²ÂÊÎÑÉËÏ AEÎâ àÕÑÅÑ ÒÑÕÇÐÙËÂÎ ÒÓÂÄÑÌ ÚÂÔÕË ÖÓÂÄÐÇÐËâ Ä ÓâAE ¶ÖÓßÇ:ÐÂÍÑ ÃÑÎßÛËÌ ËÐÕÇÓÇÔ ÒÓÇAEÔÕÂÄÎâÇÕ ÓÂÊÎÑÉÇÐËÇ ÖÔÓÇAEÐÈÐÐÑÅÑ ÒÑÕÇÐÙËÂΠРAEÂÎÈÍËØ ÓÂÔÔÕÑâÐËâØ r4r osc : ¥Îâ ÑÒËÔÂÐËâ ÔËÔÕÇÏÞ Ä ÓÂÏÍÂØ ÐËÊÍÑÚÂÔÕÑÕÐÑÅÑ ÒÓËÃÎËÉÇÐËâ ÖAEÑÃÐÑ ËÔÒÑÎßÊÑÄÂÕß ÕÑÚÇÚÐÑÇ ÑÕÑÃÓÂÉÇ-ÐËÇ. ¦ÅÑ ËAEÇâ ÊÂÍÎáÚÂÇÕÔâ Ä ÕÑÏ, ÚÕÑ Ð ÐÇÒÓÇÓÞÄÐÑÌ ÕÓÂÇÍÕÑÓËË zt (ÊAEÇÔß, ÍÂÍ Ë ÓÂÐÇÇ, z frY pg ì ÔÑÄÑÍÖÒ-ÐÑÔÕß ÍÑÑÓAEËÐÂÕ Ë ËÏÒÖÎßÔÑÄ ÚÂÔÕËÙÞ) ÄÞAEÇÎâÇÕÔâ AEËÔÍÓÇÕÐÞÌ ÐÂÃÑÓ ÕÑÚÇÍ z n znT , ÅAEÇ n ì ÙÇÎÑÇ ÚËÔ-ÎÑ, T ì ÐÇÍÑÕÑÓÞÌ ÒÓÑÏÇÉÖÕÑÍ ÄÓÇÏÇÐË. ³ÄâÊß ÕÑÚÍË Ô ÐÑÏÇÓÑÏ n 1 Ô ÕÑÚÍÑÌ n ÑÒËÔÞÄÂÇÕÔâ ÕÑÚÇÚÐÞÏ ÑÕÑÃÓÂ-ÉÇÐËÇÏ: r Ë ËÔ-ÒÑÎßÊÖâ ÐÇÓÂÄÇÐÔÕÄÑ r b r 1 (ÓÂÔÔÏÂÕÓËÄÂáÕÔâ ÚÂÔÕËÙÞ, ÇÜÈ ÐÇ ÒÑÒÂÄÛËÇ Ä ÑÃÎÂÔÕß 0Y r 1 ), ÐÂØÑAEËÏ (ÓËÔ. 17) ©ÂÏÇÕËÏ, ÚÕÑ ÊAEÇÔß ÄÇÎËÚËРn eff Ä v osc av 4 1 ÓÂÊ ÒÓÇÄÞ-ÛÂÇÕ ÚÂÔÕÑÕÖ ÔÕÑÎÍÐÑÄÇÐËÌ, ÒÑÎÖÚÂáÜÖáÔâ ÒÓË ÑÃÑÃÜÇ-ÐËË ÏÂÎÑÖÅÎÑÄÑÅÑ ÒÓËÃÎËÉÇÐËâ AEÎâ ÔÎÖÚÂâ ÔËÎßÐÞØ ÒÑÎÇÌ [3,13]:±ÓËÚËÐÞ ÔÕÑÎß ÔËÎßÐÑÅÑ ÓÂÔØÑÉAEÇÐËâ ÓÇÊÖÎßÕÂÕÑÄ ÚËÔÎÇÐÐÑÅÑ ËÐÕÇÅÓËÓÑÄÂÐËâ Ë ÕÓÂAEËÙËÑÐÐÞØ ÏÑAEÇÎÇÌ ÑÃÔÖÉAEÂáÕÔâ Ä ÓÂÊAEÇÎÇ 6. ¢ÑÎÇÇ ÕÑÅÑ, Ä ÔÎÖÚÂÇ ÒÓÑAEÑÎßÐÑÅÑ (y 0) ÄÎÈÕ ÚÂÔÕËÙ à××ÇÍÕËÄÐÑÇ ÔÇÚÇÐËÇ ÊÐÂÚËÕÇÎßÐÑ ÄÑÊÓÂÔÕÂÇÕ: µÔÍÑÓÇÐËÇ ÚÂÔÕËÙ ÒÓË ÔÕÑÎÍÐÑÄÇÐËâØÅÂÏËÎßÕÑÐËÂÐ ÏÑÉÇÕ ÃÞÕß ÊÂÒËÔÂÐ ÍÂÍ 14 : 14 ¿ÕÑ ÍÂÐÑÐËÚÇÔÍÂâ ÊÂÏÇРÒÇÓÇÏÇÐÐÞØ Ô ÒÓÑËÊÄÑAEâÜÇÌ ×ÖÐÍÙËÇÌ 2p 0 dp Z p x À h 2 p 0 dp c 2p c À 2p osc dp c 2p 0 Y 129 ÂÌAEÈÏ ËÊÏÇÐÇÐËÇ AEÓÇÌ×ÑÄÑÅÑ ËÏÒÖÎßÔ ÚÂÔÕËÙÞ Dp. ªÊÏÇÐÇÐËÇ ÒÑÒÇÓÇÚÐÑÅÑ AEÓÇÌ×ÑÄÑÅÑ ËÏÒÖÎßÔ ÚÂÔÕËÙÞ Ä ÕÑÚÐÑÔÕË ÓÂÄÐÑ Dp c dp c . ¬ÓÑÏÇ ÕÑÅÑ, ÒÑÔÍÑÎßÍÖ p Z ÐÇ ÒÓÇÑÃÓÂÊÖÇÕÔâ ÒÓË ÒÇÓÇØÑAEÇ Í AEÓÇÌ×ÑÄÞÏ ÍÑÑÓAEËÐÂÕÂÏ, ÒÑÎÖÚËÏ Dp Z dp x 2 Dp x Dh 2 X ªÊÏÇÐÇÐËÇ ÑÔÕÂÄÛÇÌÔâ ÍÑÏÒÑÐÇÐÕÞ ËÏÒÖÎßÔ Dp x Dp x À Dha2 ÐÂAEÑ ÄÞÓÂÊËÕß Ô ÖÚÈÕÑÏ ×ÑÓÏÖÎ ÒÇÓÇ-ØÑAEÂ Í AEÓÇÌ×ÑÄÞÏ ÍÑÑÓAEËÐÂÕÂÏ (124): Dp x dp x 2 À p 2 osc 2p c dp c p osc À h pÑÕÓÂÉÂáÜÇÇ ÕÑÕ ×ÂÍÕ, ÚÕÑ ËÊÏÇÐÇÐËÇ àÐÇÓÅËË ÚÂÔÕËÙÞ ì àÕÑ ÓÂÃÑÕ...
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