Electron Microscopic Assay of Bacterial Biofilm Formed on Indwelling Urethral Catheters

Azmy, Magda; Nawar, Nada; Mohiedden, Mona; Warille, Lilian

doi:10.21608/jesp.2016.78042

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It has been established that urinary catheterization causes mechanical damage to the bladder, inducing epithelial wounding and triggering robust inflammation ( 20 , 52 ). In addition, clinical studies have detected C. albicans hyphae and biofilms on indwelling urinary catheters retrieved from patients with candiduria ( 14 , 53 , 54 ), suggesting fungal pathogenic activity during urinary catheterization. Here, we demonstrated that urine induces hyphal morphogenesis in vitro (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The catheterized bladder environment promotes Efg1- and Als1-dependent Candida albicans infection

et al. 2023

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Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) account for 40% of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). As 20 to 50% of hospitalized patients receive catheters, CAUTIs are one of the most common HAIs, resulting in increased morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Candida albicans is the second most common CAUTI uropathogen, yet relative to its bacterial counterparts, little is known about how fungal CAUTIs are established. Here, we show that the catheterized bladder environment induces Efg1- and fibrinogen (Fg)–dependent biofilm formation that results in CAUTI. In addition, we identify the adhesin Als1 as the critical fungal factor for C. albicans Fg-urine biofilm formation. Furthermore, we show that in the catheterized bladder, a dynamic and open system, both filamentation and attachment are required, but each by themselves are not sufficient for infection. Our study unveils the mechanisms required for fungal CAUTI establishment, which may aid in the development of future therapies to prevent these infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The catheterized bladder environment promotes Efg1- and Als1-dependent Candida albicans infection

et al. 2023

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“…However, when the intestinal mucosa is damaged, C. albicans switches from yeast to hyphal morphology to take advantage of the impaired intestinal mucosal barrier [69]. We know that urinary catheterization causes mechanical damage to the bladder, inducing epithelial wounding and triggering a robust inflammation [28, 70], and several clinical studies have detected C. albicans hyphae and biofilms on indwelling urinary catheters retrieved from patients with candiduria [13, 71, 72], suggesting fungal pathogenic programming during CAUTI. Here, we demonstrated that urine induces hyphal morphology in vitro and in vivo ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been established that urinary catheterization causes mechanical damage to the bladder, inducing epithelial wounding and triggering robust inflammation ( 21, 61 ). Additionally, clinical studies have detected C. albicans hyphae and biofilms on indwelling urinary catheters retrieved from patients with candiduria ( 15, 62, 63 ), suggesting fungal pathogenic activity during urinary catheterization. Here, we demonstrated that urine induces hyphal morphogenesis in vitro and in vivo ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The catheterized bladder environment promotes Efg1- and Als1-dependent Candida albicans infection

Bella

Molesan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are a serious public health problem and account for approximately 40% of hospital-acquired infections worldwide. Candida spp are a major causative agent of CAUTI (17.8%) – specifically Candida albicans – that has steadily increased to become the second most common CAUTI uropathogen 1 . Yet, there is poor understanding of the molecular details of how C. albicans attaches, grows in the bladder, forms biofilms, survives, and persists during CAUTI 2 . Understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to CAUTI and invasive fungal infection will give insights into the development of more effective therapies, which are needed due to the spread of antifungal resistance and complex management of CAUTI in patients that require a urinary catheter 3 . Here, we characterize the ability of five Candida albicans clinical and laboratory strains to colonize the urinary catheter, grow and form biofilm in urine, and their ability to cause CAUTIs using our mouse model. Analysis of C. albicans strains revealed that growth in urine promotes morphological transition from yeast to hyphae, which is important for invasive infection. Additionally, we found that biofilm formation was dependent on the presence of fibrinogen, a protein released on the bladder to promote bladder healing 4,5 . Furthermore, deletion of hyphae regulatory genes resulted in defective bladder and catheter colonization and abolished dissemination. These results indicate that novel antifungal therapies preventing the morphological transition of C. albicans from yeast to hyphae have considerable promise for the treatment of fungal CAUTIs.

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Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Prevention of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

Flores-Mireles

Hreha

Hunstad

2019

Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation

128

107

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common microbial infections in humans and represent a substantial burden on the health care system. UTIs can be uncomplicated, as when affecting healthy individuals, or complicated, when affecting individuals with compromised urodynamics and/or host defenses, such as those with a urinary catheter. There are clear differences between uncomplicated UTI and catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI) in clinical manifestations, causative organisms, and pathophysiology. Therefore, uncomplicated UTI and CAUTI cannot be approached similarly, or the risk of complications and treatment failure may increase. It is imperative to understand the key aspects of each condition to develop successful treatment options and improve patient outcomes. Here, we will review the epidemiology, pathogen prevalence, differential mechanisms used by uropathogens, and treatment and prevention of uncomplicated UTI and CAUTI.

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Electron Microscopic Assay of Bacterial Biofilm Formed on Indwelling Urethral Catheters

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

The catheterized bladder environment promotes Efg1- and Als1-dependent Candida albicans infection

The catheterized bladder environment promotes Efg1- and Als1-dependent Candida albicans infection

The catheterized bladder environment promotes Efg1- and Als1-dependent Candida albicans infection

Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Prevention of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

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