Electron-microscopic characteristics of ?stress lung?

Rozova, E. V.; Seredenko, M. M.; Меерсон, Ф. З.

doi:10.1007/bf00841067

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Stress induced in nonhuman primates by physical immobilization has been reported to increase heart rate, rectal temperature, and ventilation (Bush et al, 19771, and physical restraint in inhalation tubes has also been shown to suppress bactericidal activity in mouse lungs (Jakab & Hemenway, 1989). Thickening of the alveolar epithelium and blood vessel endothelium, as well as hemorrhagic edema, has been reported in rats physically restrained for 6 h (Rozova et al, 1989). Alterations of many toxic responses in rats, including responses to ozone, are accompanied and possibly mediated by a decrease in core temperature (Watkinson & Gordon, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Although volume displacement (flow) or constant-volume plethysmography o f rats restrained in nose-only exposure tubes has been the method of choice for measuring ventilation during exposure (largely because of relative freedom from technical problems), barometric plethysmography was chosen in the current study because measurements can be made without using restraint. It was felt that avoiding restraint was especially important because of the length of the exposures (6 h) and the accumulating evidence that physical restraint, and stress attendant to the restraint, can alter the toxic response to chemicals and perturb some physiological parameters, including ventilation (Bush et al, 1977;Sweeney et al, 1991;Jakab & Hemenway, 1989;Rozova et al, 1989). This latoratory and others have observed that rats restrained in tubes for nose-only exposures have substantially higher breathing frequencies than unrestrained rats (Jakab & Hemenway, 1989; unpublished data from our laboratory), although this disparity can be mitigated by a conditioning program (Mauderly, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced Pulmonary Inflammatory Response to Ozone During Lactation in Rats: Evaluation of the Influence of Inhaled Dose

Weideman

Chen

Gunnison

1996

Inhalation Toxicology

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We previously demonstrated that rats in a late stage of pregnancy and throughout lactation were more susceptible to pulmonary inflammation induced by exposure to 1 ppm ozone than were age-matched virgin females or rats following lactation. The purpose of the study reported here was to extend the comparison of ozone-induced pulmonary inflammation in lactating and postlactating rats to lower concentrations of ozone and to investigate the hypothesis that the enhanced response demonstrated by lactating rats is attributable to a greater inhaled ozone dose. During pregnancy and lactation the metabolic demands on the female are substantially increased above prepregnancy levels. In response to this metabolic demand, it was shown in this study that the minute volume of air-breathing postpartum rats on day 73 of lactation increased to approximately 150% of that of age-matched postlactating rats with the same lung size. Heightened ventilation in lactating rats was maintained during exposure to 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 ppm ozone for 6 h, resulting in greater inhaled ozone doses in lactating rats compared to postlactating rats exposed identically. The pulmonary inflammatory response to ozone was assessed in the same rats 18 h after expcsure by comparison of protein concentration and polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( B A LF).Both of these parameters were significantly greater m lactating than postlactating rats at 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0ppm ozone. Statistical analysis indicated that most or all of the greater BALF protein in lactating rats could be accounted for by their greater inhaled dose, whereas a significant portion of the enhanced PMN influx in lactating rats remained unexplained by inhaled ozone dose.A recent study from this laboratory demonstrated that acute exposure to 1 ppm ozone induced more severe pulmonary inflammation in late-stage pregnant and lactating rats than in age-matched virgin females or postlactating rats (Gunnison et al., 1992). The experiments described here were undertaken to confirm, at lower ozone concentrations, this earlier observation, and to explore the hypothesis that the enhanced inflammatory response of lactating rats relative to that of postlactating or virgin female rats is attributable to a greater inhaled dose in the lactating rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%