Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Internal Thoracic Artery Endothelial Morphology in Diabetic Coronary Bypass Patients

Histologic alterations in tetralogy of Fallot

“…Apart from the morphologic analysis of the tissue samples, slides of each muscle were analyzed with a semiquantitative method by a histopathologist blinded to the study (magnifications 10000×). This scoring method is an original method developed by our histopathologist . In each muscle sample, 100 mitochondria were analyzed by the histopatholologist blinded to the study.…”

Preoperative Glycosylated Hemoglobin: A Risk Factor for Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass

“…Gene studies have revealed an upregulation of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-6, E-selectin, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in diabetic subjects that leads to an exaggerated postoperative inflammatory response [21]. There has also been evidence of morphologic changes in the internal thoracic artery graft in the presence of high HbA1c [22].…”

Electron Microscopic Comparison of Radial Artery Grafts in Non‐Diabetic and Diabetic Coronary Bypass Patients

“…Sections of each artery were analyzed by two histologists in a blind fashion with a semi‐quantitative scoring system described previously (Table ) . Parameters of the semi‐quantitative scoring system were as follows: (a) ultrastructural changes in endothelial cells: normal thickness; 0, decreased endothelial cell thickness; 1, disturbed endothelial wall integrity; 2, totally damaged endothelial layer; 3, (b) ultrastructural changes in arterial wall: normal arterial wall; 0, presence of intraendothelial vacuole; 1, presence of intraendothelial vacuole and subendothelial edema; 2, presence of intraendothelial vacuole and subendothelial edema and presence of vacuoles and intercellular edema in tunica media and tunica adventitia; 3, (c) ultrastructural changes in endothelial mitochondria: normal mitochondria; 0, mild swelling; 1, prominent swelling; 2, amorphic material deposition in mitochondria; 3.…”

“…However, hyperglycemia may cause increased endothelial permeability, adhesion molecules release, and mononuclear cell migration to the subendothelial region and promote atherogenesis and has been a potential clinical predictor of postoperative saphenous vein (SV) and RA graft failure . Increased HbA1c levels have been found to be associated with atherosclerotic changes in internal thoracic artery grafts with electron microscopy …”