Electron microscopic observation of established chondrocytes derived from human intervertebral disc hernia (KTN-1) and role of macrophages in spontaneous regression of degenerated tissues

Tsuru, Michiyo; Nagata, Kensei; Ueno, Takato; Jimi, Atsuo; Irie, Kouji; Yamada, Akira; Nishida, Tadashi; Sata, Michio

doi:10.1016/s1529-9430(01)00055-9

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Conservative treatment was less successful m 27.8 ± 6.0 (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37) 23.5 ± 6.4 and …”

Section: Summary Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Resorption of Lumbar Disc Herniation Is Less Likely When Modic Changes Are Present

Shan

Fan²,

Xie³

et al. 2014

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“…Conservative treatment was less successful m 27.8 ± 6.0 (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37) 23.5 ± 6.4 and …”

Section: Summary Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Resorption of Lumbar Disc Herniation Is Less Likely When Modic Changes Are Present

Shan

Fan²,

Xie³

et al. 2014

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“…As for the ECM, studies have found that immunocytes could interfere with IVD ECM remodeling and downregulate aggrecan and collagen II expression [48]. In addition, the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTSs) were increased in IVD with autoimmune reaction, causing the degradation of ECM [51,52]. Taken together, the auto-immune reaction could stimulate immunocytes and inflammatory cytokines infiltration, and these factors could in turn impact on the IVD with harmful influence.…”

Section: Auto-immune Response Of the Npmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immune Privilege of the Intervertebral Disc: Implications for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Treatment

Sun¹,

Liu²,

Luo³

2020

Int. J. Med. Sci.

140

138

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The intervertebral disc (IVD) is the largest avascular organ of the body. It is composed of three parts: the nucleus pulposus (NP), the annulus fibrosus (AF) and the cartilaginous endplate (CEP). The central NP is surrounded by the AF and sandwiched by the two CEPs ever since its formation. This unique structure isolates the NP from the immune system of the host. Additionally, molecular factors expressed in IVD have been shown inhibitive effect on immune cells and cytokines infiltration. Therefore, the IVD has been identified as an immune privilege organ. The steady state of immune privilege is fundamental to the homeostasis of the IVD. The AF and the CEP, along with the immunosuppressive molecular factors are defined as the blood-NP barrier (BNB), which establishes a strong barrier to isolate the NP from the host immune system. When the BNB is damaged, the auto-immune response of the NP occurs with various downstream cascade reactions. This effect plays an important role in the whole process of IVD degeneration and related complications, such as herniation, sciatica and spontaneous herniated NP regression. Taken together, an enhanced understanding of the immune privilege of the IVD could provide new targets for the treatment of symptomatic IVD disease. However, the underlying mechanism above is still not fully clarified. Accordingly, the current study will extensively review and discuss studies regarding the immune privilege of the IVD.

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“…Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inhibitors of MMPs have been reported to play a major role in the disc degeneration process. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] These are stimulated at an early stage of disease and initiate matrix degradation. Tissue inhibitor of MMP-1 (TIMP-1) is a known endogenous inhibitor of MMP-1.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of Gene Expression and Loss of Anular Architecture Caused by Experimental Disc Degeneration–An In Vivo Animal Study

Guehring¹,

Omlor²,

Lorenz³

et al. 2005

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Electron microscopic observation of established chondrocytes derived from human intervertebral disc hernia (KTN-1) and role of macrophages in spontaneous regression of degenerated tissues

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Spontaneous Resorption of Lumbar Disc Herniation Is Less Likely When Modic Changes Are Present

Spontaneous Resorption of Lumbar Disc Herniation Is Less Likely When Modic Changes Are Present

The Immune Privilege of the Intervertebral Disc: Implications for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Treatment

Stimulation of Gene Expression and Loss of Anular Architecture Caused by Experimental Disc Degeneration–An In Vivo Animal Study

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