Electron microscopic observations of the crystalline lens

Kuszak, J.R.; Peterson, Kathryn; Brown, Herbert R.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0029(19960415)33:6<441::aid-jemt1>3.0.co;2-o

Cited by 53 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…The former may involve cell-cell interaction, whereas the latter is governed by cell-extracellular matrix interactions (Menko et al, 1998). Therefore, specific modification of cellular shape and migratory pathway of elongating lens fibers is elementary to normal crystalline lens development (Kuszak et al, 1996). As the basal membranes of elongating fibers became entangled into the posterior lens capsule of entactin-1 null mutant lenses (Fig.…”

Section: Dong Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the basal membranes of elongating fibers became entangled into the posterior lens capsule of entactin-1 null mutant lenses (Fig. 7), elongating fibers might not have been able to either recognize the proper migratory signal or correctly detach when they normally do (Kuszak et al, 1996). Therefore, defective cell-extracellular matrix interactions are implied in this phenotype.…”

Section: Dong Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurologic Defects and Selective Disruption of Basement Membranes in Mice Lacking Entactin-1/Nidogen-1

Dong

Chen

Lewis

et al. 2002

Laboratory Investigation

115

107

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SUMMARY:Entactin-1 (nidogen-1) is an ubiquitous component of basement membranes. From in vitro experiments, entactin-1 was assigned a role in maintaining the structural integrity of the basement membrane because of its binding affinity to other components, such as type IV collagen and laminin. Entactin-1 also interacts with integrin receptors on the cell surface to mediate cell adhesion, spreading, and motility. Targeted disruption of the entactin-1 gene in the mouse presented in this study revealed a duplication of the entacin-1 locus. Homozygous mutants for the functional locus lacked entactin-1 mRNA and protein and often displayed seizure-like symptoms and loss of muscle control in the hind legs. The behavior patterns suggested the presence of neurologic deficits in the central nervous system, thus providing genetic evidence linking entactin-1 to proper functions of the neuromuscular system. In homozygous mutants, structural alterations in the basement membranes were found only in selected locations including brain capillaries and the lens capsule. The morphology of the basement membranes in other tissues examined superficially appeared to be normal. These observations suggest that the lost functions of entactin-1 result in pathologic changes that are highly tissue specific. (Lab Invest 2002, 82:1617-1630.

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Section: Dong Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dong Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurologic Defects and Selective Disruption of Basement Membranes in Mice Lacking Entactin-1/Nidogen-1

Dong

Chen

Lewis

et al. 2002

Laboratory Investigation

115

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1974; Kuszak et al, 1980;Kuszak and Rae, 1982;Kuszak et al, 1985;Rafferty, 1985;Kuszak et al, 1996;Kuszak and Costello, 2002). Lens formation begins as surface ectodermal cells, immediately overlying the developing optic vesicle, are induced to thicken and form the lens placode.…”

Section: Primary Fibersmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Gross (light and scanning confocal microscopy) and ultrastructural (scanning, transmission and freeze-etch electron microscopy) analysis of all vertebrate lenses reveals that lenses are composed of exceedingly long fiber-like cells that are of uniform cross-sectional shape (hexagonal) and size (Cohen, 1965;Smelser, 1965;Kuszak and Rae, 1982;Rae et al, 1982;Rae et al, 1983;Kuszak et al, 1985;Kuszak et al, 1996;Al-Ghoul and Costello, 1997;Bassnett and Winzenburger, 2003). These microscopic techniques also show that in general as these fibers are formed throughout life, they are overlain, in register, as age-related concentric growth shells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of lens sutures

Kuszak

Zoltoski²,

Tiedemann³

2004

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

114

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Cylindrical map projections (CMPs) have been used for centuries as an effective means of plotting the features of a 3D spheroidal surfaces (e.g. the earth) on a 2D rectangular map. We have used CMPs to plot primate fiber cell organization from selected growth shells as a function of growth, development and aging. Lens structural parameters and features were derived from slitlamp, light and transmission and scanning electron micrographs. This information was then used to create CMPs of lenses that were then correlated with azimuthal map projections (AMPs; projections that are radially symmetric around a central point [the poles] ) to reveal different suture patterns during distinct time periods. In this manner, both lens fiber and suture branch locations are defined by degrees of longitude and latitude. CMPs and AMPs confirm that throughout defined periods of development, growth and ageing, increasingly complex suture patterns are formed by the precise ordering of straight and opposite end curvature fibers. However, the manner in which additional suture branches are formed anteriorly and posteriorly is not identical. Anteriorly, new branches are added between extant branches. Posteriorly, pairs of new branches are formed that progressively overlay extant branches. The advantage of using CMPs is that the shape and organization of every fiber in a growth shell can be observed in a single image. Thus, the use of CMPs to plot primate fiber cell organization has revealed more complex aspects of fiber formation that may explain, at least in part, changes in lens optical quality as a function of age and pathology. In addition, more accurate measurements of fiber length will be possible by incorporating the latitudinal and longitudinal locations of fibers.KEY WORDS: crystalline lens, cylindrical map projection, azimuthal map projection, suture development, fiber cell organization, 3D CAD Int.

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“…Our findings provide a biological foundation for further investigation into how Bin3 functions. During lens fiber cell differentiation, these cells develop elaborated lateral membranes that form high surface area interdigitations with their neighbors to allow for extensive cell communication in this avascular tissue (51). Because these interdigitations also are tightly associated with the actin cytoskeleton (52), this association supports a Bin3 connection in actin cytoskeletal dynamics and membrane structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%