Electron-Microscopic Studies on the Palatine Tonsil of the Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Abstract

The study examined the ultrastructural features of the palatine tonsils of the local mixed breed of adult buffaloes using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The tissue samples collected from the palatine tonsils were fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde solution and processed for scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The scanning electron microscopy of the tonsil's surface epithelium presented folded mucosa consisting of folds divided by shallow grooves. The mucosal surface was having a squamous arrangement of cells that were delineated from the adjacent cells. These cells at higher magnification presented the microplicae, which appeared as if filled with material. A few small duct openings were irregularly placed throughout the mucosal surface. The transmission electron-microscopy elaborated structural details of the distinct strata of the surface and reticular epithelia, the cell organelles as well as the lymphocytes migration across the high endothelial venules. The vesiculo-vacuolar organelle was also observed. The study provided detailed ultramicroscopic features of the palatine tonsil, which might play a significant role in the induction of immunity against ingested antigens sampled at the mucosal surface.

Morphology of the soft palate and palatine tonsil of the goat (Capra hyricus)

“…In agreement to our findings, the palatine tonsil of goat, bovines and camel has macroscopic crypt openings that lead to the underlying crypts (Achaaban et al, 2016;Casteleyn et al, 2011). The tonsillar crypts of the goat were well-developed in goat similar to that reported in the buffalo (Girgiri & Kumar, 2018).…”

“…Histologically, the palatine glands were predominantly mucous glands. In the same line, mucous glands were reported in the lamina propria submucosa adjacent to lymphoid tissue of the palatine tonsil of sheep (Kumar et al, 2008) and buffalo (Girgiri & Kumar, 2018).…”

“…Nevertheless, the available information about the morphology of the soft palate and palatine tonsils of goats are scanty. The palatine tonsil of goat (Indu et al, 2018), sheep (Kumar et al, 2008), buffalo (Girgiri & Kumar, 2018) and camel (Achaaban et al, 2016) has been studied by light microscopy. Moreover, the nasopharyngeal tonsils; tubal and pharyngeal tonsils, of goat (Indu et al, 2015; Indu et al, 2017; Kumar et al, 2006) and buffalo (Girgiri & Kumar, 2019) have been studied by light and SEM.…”

Light and Electron-Microscopic Studies on the Paraepiglottic Tonsil of the Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

“…The reticular epithelium was a modification of stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium due to infiltration of underlying lymphoid tissue as reported in sheep [18] and pigs [19]. Such epithelial structural modifications have been described in the human palatine tonsil [27] and the tonsils of buffalo [10,17,23]. At places, the lymphoid tissue was so predominant that it led to the interrupted basement membrane, and it was difficult to discern the epithelial cells and different strata.…”

“…Six types of tonsils described in domestic mammals vary in terms of their existence and locations [6]. The detailed anatomical structure of the tonsil of the soft palate [7,8], palatine tonsil [9,10], nasopharyngeal *Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125 004, India; Tel: +919466402637; E-mail: pkumar@luvas.edu.in, pawanrajoria2000@rediffmail.com tonsil [11], lingual tonsil [12][13][14], and the tubal tonsil [15] has been described in the buffaloes. The paraepiglottic tonsil is absent in the horse, ox, and dog, whereas inconsistent in the goat [16].…”