Electron Microscopy of Herpes Simplex Virus IV. Studies with Ferritin-conjugated Antibodies

Abstract

Small aggregates of viral antigen were encountered in the nuclear matrix. The capsids did not tag with antibodies specific for the virus or for the host cell. This observation remains unexplained. Nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes, as well as the envelope of the virus, reacted with both types of antibodies and appear, therefore, to contain host cell and viral protein. Large amounts of viral antigen are synthesized within the cytoplasm. This antigen was either diffusely spread or localized at the surface of membranes. The surface of infected cells contains viral antigen, which accumulates as infection progresses. At circumscribed sites, the cell wall becomes altered antigenically and structurally so as to resemble the envelope of the virus. Hypotheses are presented regarding the manner in which cell fusion occurs. Studies of infected cells by the use of fluorescein-labeled antibodies have resulted in conflicting reports. Lebrun (7), Ross and Orlans (22), Kaufman (6), and Vozza and Balducci (28)

Electron microscopic observations of visna virus-infected cell cultures

“…Rather they may be segments of detached host cell membrane, which has become altered as a result of viral infection so as to resemble the envelope of the buds. A similar phenomenon has been described in the case of herpesvirus infected cells (see 17, and 18 of the paper by Nii et al, 1968). In the latter study it was suggested that when such altered segments of the host cell come into contact with the surface membrane of uninfected cells fusion occurs in a manner similar to that associated with fusion of the viral envelope at the time of entry (Rlorgan et al, 1968).…”

Biogenesis of Marek's Disease (Type II Leukosis) Virus In Vitro: Electron Microscopy and Immunological Study

“…Roane and Roizman (21) demonstrated that the surfaces of cells infected with herpes simplex virus changed their antigenic specificity. Nii et al (19) reported that the synthesis of infective virus is not necessary for the formation of polykaryocytes provided that the surface of the cell becomes altered. Furthermore, Heine et al (9) have shown that the surface of infected cells contained, in addition to the normal cellular proteins, viral proteins integrated into the plasma membrane.…”

“…Hamdy and Sevoian (8) reported the development of specific complement-fixing (CF) antigens in avian cell cultures infected with the JM strain of MDHV. Although detailed studies of virus development and morphogenesis in infected cells have been reported in herpes-type viruses (e.g., 1,7,19,24,[26][27][28], to our knowledge the kinetic events involved in MDHV infection have not been reported. There is, however, a substantial literature dealing with the biological, morphological, and immunological characteristics of MDHV (e.g., 2,3,4,6,15,17,33).…”

Role of the golgi apparatus in cellular pathology

“…In contrast to influenza and other viruses which bud from the plasma membrane of the host, nucleocapsids of herpes virus acquire envelopes from the inner leaflet of the nuclear envelope. Antigens become associated not only with the membranes of the nuclear envelope, but with endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane as well (Nii et al, 1968), and reach the cell surface via the Golgi apparatus.…”